{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T18:20:26Z","timestamp":1775845226219,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. The urinary excretion of lactulose, 51Cr-labelled ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (51Cr-EDTA), l-rhamnose and polyethyleneglycol 400 (PEG-400) has been measured after intravenous and oral administration in healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>2. Intestinal permeation of the probes was compared after their ingestion in iso-osmolar, hyperosmolar and cetrimide-containing test solutions.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>3. Urinary recovery of lactulose and 51Cr-EDTA after intravenous administration reached 75% by 5 h, and exceeded 90% at 24 h, and these values were 62 and 72%, respectively, for l-rhamnose. Recovery of PEG-400, however, varied with the relative molecular mass (Mr) of each polymer from 25.9 to 68.5% in 24 h.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>4. Intestinal permeation of ingested lactulose and 51Cr-EDTA was low, but that of L-rhamnose was 45-fold, and that of PEG-400 100-fold, greater. Permeation of lactulose and 51Cr-EDTA was markedly increased by cetrimide and hyperosmolar stress, whereas that of l-rhamnose showed little change. PEG-400 permeation was not affected by cetrimide, but was slightly increased by hyperosmolar stress.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>5. The 5 h permeation of lactulose, but not of l-rhamnose or PEG-400, correlated with that of 51Cr-EDTA (r = 0.98, P &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>6. These findings are compatible with three distinct pathways of unmediated mucosal permeation, l-rhamnose (radius &amp;lt; 0.4 nm) passing mainly through small aqueous \u2018pores\u2019 of high incidence, lactulose and 51Cr-EDTA (radius &amp;gt; 0.5 nm) through larger aqueous \u2018channels' of low incidence susceptible to cetrimide and hyperosmolar stress, and PEG-400, which has appreciable lipid solubility, by partition through cell membrane lipid as well as the aqueous \u2018pores\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0710071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T11:07:31Z","timestamp":1438945651000},"page":"71-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":176,"title":["Lactulose 51Cr-labelled ethylenediaminetetra-acetate, <scp>l<\/scp>-rhamnose and polyethyleneglycol 500 as probe markers for assessment <i>in vivo<\/i> of human intestinal permeability"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"D. G.","family":"Maxton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Disorders, and the Gastrointestinal Laboratory, U.M.D.S. Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital, London, and Division of Clinical Sciences and Cell Biology, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Bjarnason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Disorders, and the Gastrointestinal Laboratory, U.M.D.S. Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital, London, and Division of Clinical Sciences and Cell Biology, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. P.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Disorders, and the Gastrointestinal Laboratory, U.M.D.S. Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital, London, and Division of Clinical Sciences and Cell Biology, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. D.","family":"Catt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Disorders, and the Gastrointestinal Laboratory, U.M.D.S. Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital, London, and Division of Clinical Sciences and Cell Biology, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Disorders, and the Gastrointestinal Laboratory, U.M.D.S. Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital, London, and Division of Clinical Sciences and Cell Biology, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. S.","family":"Menzies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Disorders, and the Gastrointestinal Laboratory, U.M.D.S. Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital, London, and Division of Clinical Sciences and Cell Biology, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","container-title":["Clinical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/71\/1\/71\/457068\/cs0710071.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/71\/1\/71\/457068\/cs0710071.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T20:42:47Z","timestamp":1638477767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article\/71\/1\/71\/74032\/Lactulose-51Cr-labelled-ethylenediaminetetra"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs0710071","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-5221","1470-8736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-5221","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-8736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,7,1]]}}}