{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:27:08Z","timestamp":1790713628215,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. 11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase converts cortisol to inactive cortisone in man. In distal renal tubules, this inactivation protects mineralocorticoid receptors from cortisol. Congenital 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency and inhibition of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by liquorice or carbenoxolone result in cortisol-dependent hypokalaemia and hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>2. 11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is expressed in vascular smooth muscle. Both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids potentiate vascular responses to noradrenaline. 11\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity may therefore influence vascular tone.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>3. Experiments were performed in healthy subjects with and without 7 days of oral administration of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors (liquorice or carbenoxolone), and in a patient with congenital 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency. We measured the following parameters: dermal vasoconstriction after topical application of cortisol, forearm blood flow during brachial artery infusion of cortisol or noradrenaline, and blood pressure during systemic infusion of noradrenaline.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>4. Cortisol-induced dermal vasoconstriction was increased by liquorice (23 \u00b1 6 to 52 \u00b1 7 units; P&amp;lt;0.04) and in congenital 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency (87 units). In congenital 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency intraarterial infusion of cortisol caused vasoconstriction (20% reduction in blood flow in the infused arm) and accentuated the response to application of lower-body negative pressure, which stimulates sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction (35% reduction). However, intra-arterial infusion of cortisol had no effect in healthy subjects either with or without administration of liquorice.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>5. Carbenoxolone potentiated both noradrenaline-induced forearm vasoconstriction (P&amp;lt;0.01) and pressor response (P&amp;lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>6. We conclude that 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase modulates the access of cortisol to vascular receptors and thereby influences vascular sensitivity to noradrenaline. Complementary to its role in kidney, 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase could influence blood pressure by this mechanism, which may underlie our observations of impairment of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and increased dermal vascular sensitivity to cortisol in patients with essential hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0830171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T11:34:06Z","timestamp":1438947246000},"page":"171-178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Glucocorticoids and blood pressure: a role for the cortisol\/cortisone shuttle in the control of vascular tone in man"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Brian R.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Department of Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan A.","family":"Connacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Department of Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Department of Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.W.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Department of Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","container-title":["Clinical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/83\/2\/171\/463728\/cs0830171.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/83\/2\/171\/463728\/cs0830171.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T22:40:04Z","timestamp":1638398404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article\/83\/2\/171\/75758\/Glucocorticoids-and-blood-pressure-a-role-for-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,8,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs0830171","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-5221","1470-8736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-5221","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-8736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,8,1]]}}}