{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:55:35Z","timestamp":1790978135625,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pre-eclampsia results in oedema, hypertension and proteinuria, and is associated with increased vascular permeability. A number of studies have pointed to the existence of a circulating macromolecule that induces this endothelial dysfunction. To test whether this circulating factor could increase vascular permeability, we have measured the effect of dialysed human plasma from pregnant women with mild or severe pre-eclampsia (pre-eclamptic toxaemia). Plasma was collected from patients with mild or severe pre-eclampsia and from normotensive women. Plasma was dialysed against frog Ringer's solution using a 12\u201314\u00a0kDa molecular-mass cut-off dialysis tubing. \u03c0c (colloid osmotic pressure) was measured with a modified Hansen oncometer. Lp (hydraulic conductivity) and \u03c3 (oncotic reflection coefficient) were measured in individually perfused frog mesenteric microvessels using the Landis\u2013Michel technique during perfusion with dialysed plasma. Perfusion of vessels with normal plasma or plasma from patients with mild pre-eclampsia did not alter either Lp or \u03c3. However, plasma from patients with severe pre-eclampsia resulted in a 3.8\u00b10.3-fold increase in Lp and a reduction in \u03c3 from 0.96\u00b10.03 to 0.80\u00b10.11. There was a significant correlation between the change in \u03c3 and the change in Lp, suggesting that the increase in permeability was due to an increase in pore size in these vessels. A circulating macromolecule in human plasma in severe pre-eclampsia is therefore able to increase vascular permeability in an animal model. The nature of the circulating macromolecule is not known, except that it is, or is bound to, a molecule greater than 12\u00a0kDa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20040018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]],"date-time":"2004-09-24T10:16:08Z","timestamp":1096020968000},"page":"399-405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Plasma from women with severe pre-eclampsia increases microvascular permeability in an animal model <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Christopher\u00a0R.","family":"NEAL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microvascular Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Preclinical Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8EJ, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyson\u00a0J.","family":"HUNTER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven\u00a0J.","family":"HARPER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microvascular Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Preclinical Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8EJ, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter\u00a0W.","family":"SOOTHILL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David\u00a0O.","family":"BATES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microvascular Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Preclinical Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8EJ, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120122514373300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90665-0","article-title":"Preeclampsia: an endothelial disorder","volume":"161","author":"Roberts","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B2","unstructured":"Department of Health\n          Confidential enquiries into stillbirths and deaths in infancy\n          2001"},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B3","unstructured":"Department of Health\n          Why mothers die: report into the confidential enquiry into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom\n          2003\n          2000\n          2002"},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1992.tb00735.x","article-title":"Sera from preeclamptic women specifically activate human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro: morphological and biochemical evidence","volume":"27","author":"Roberts","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00252.x","article-title":"Human uremic plasma increases microvascular permeability to water and proteins in vivo","volume":"61","author":"Harper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B6","first-page":"283","article-title":"A development of the Landis technique for measuring the filtration coefficient of individual capillaries in the frog mesentery","volume":"59","author":"Michel","year":"1974","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Physiol. Cog. Med. Sci."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Techniques in microcirculation: measurement of permeability, pressure and flow. Cardiovascular Physiology","volume-title":"Techniques in the Life Sciences., vol. P309","author":"Curry","year":"1983"},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B8","first-page":"H2520","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor increases hydraulic conductivity of isolated perfused microvessels","volume":"271","author":"Bates","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B9","first-page":"4","article-title":"A method for changing the contents of a micropipette in situ","volume":"513","author":"Neal","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Cambridge, U.K.)"},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1159\/000051044","article-title":"Differential effects on microvascular hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and placental growth factor-1 (PlGF-1)","volume":"38","author":"Hillman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Res"},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013512","article-title":"Filtration coefficients and osmotic reflexion coefficients of the walls of single frog mesenteric capillaries","volume":"309","author":"Michel","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Cambridge, U.K.)"},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016622","article-title":"Steady-state fluid filtration at different capillary pressures in perfused frog mesenteric capillaries","volume":"388","author":"Michel","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Cambridge, U.K.)"},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0770599","article-title":"Capillary permeability and extracellular fluid volumes in pregnancy-induced hypertension","volume":"77","author":"Brown","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B14","first-page":"163","article-title":"Evans Blue disappearance rate in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancy","volume":"2","author":"Campbell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07899.x","article-title":"Transcapillary fluid balance in pre-eclampsia","volume":"93","author":"Oian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00844-1","article-title":"Microvascular permeability is related to circulating levels of tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 in pre-eclampsia","volume":"58","author":"Anim-Nyame","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.119638","article-title":"Endothelial junctional protein redistribution and increased monolayer permeability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells isolated during preeclampsia","volume":"186","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1081\/PRG-120017008","article-title":"Increased endothelial monolayer permeability is induced by serum from women with preeclampsia but not by serum from women with normal pregnancy or that are not pregnant","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertens. Pregnancy"},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.4.617","article-title":"Pitfalls in the measurement of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"47","author":"Jelkmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08107.x","article-title":"Selective deficit of angiogenic growth factors characterises pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia","volume":"106","author":"Reuvekamp","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.36.6.965","article-title":"Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancy","volume":"36","author":"Hunter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17189","article-title":"Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia","volume":"111","author":"Maynard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI18015","article-title":"Soluble VEGF receptor Flt1: the elusive preeclampsia factor discovered?","volume":"111","author":"Luttun","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220641","article-title":"Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 inhibits edema and epithelial proliferation induced by 17\u03b2-estradiol in the mouse uterus","volume":"144","author":"Hastings","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B25","first-page":"2019","article-title":"Soluble FLT-1 expression suppresses carcinomatous ascites in nude mice bearing ovarian cancer","volume":"62","author":"Hasumi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.22.6.3779","article-title":"Lung overexpression of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene induces pulmonary edema","volume":"22","author":"Kaner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B27","first-page":"2408","article-title":"VEGF-initiated blood-retinal barrier breakdown in early diabetes","volume":"42","author":"Qaum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20020323","article-title":"Evidence of impaired microvascular function in pre-eclampsia: a non-invasive study","volume":"104","author":"Anim-Nyame","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B29","first-page":"4123","article-title":"VEGF165b, an inhibitory splice variant of vascular endothelial growth factor, is down-regulated in renal cell carcinoma","volume":"62","author":"Bates","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.225by.x","article-title":"The chronic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on individually perfused frog mesenteric microvessels","volume":"513","author":"Bates","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Cambridge, U.K.)"},{"key":"2021120122514373300_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.657bm.x","article-title":"Differing effects of histamine and serotonin on microvascular permeability in anaesthetized rats","volume":"501","author":"Michel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Cambridge, U.K.)"}],"container-title":["Clinical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/107\/4\/399\/435558\/cs1070399.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/107\/4\/399\/435558\/cs1070399.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T23:48:57Z","timestamp":1638402537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article\/107\/4\/399\/85672\/Plasma-from-women-with-severe-pre-eclampsia"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs20040018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-5221","1470-8736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-5221","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-8736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]]}}}