{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:37:43Z","timestamp":1790735863779,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of DCs (dendritic cells) as potent mediators of inflammation has not been sufficiently investigated in stroke. Therefore, in the present study, circulating mDCPs (myeloid DC precursors), pDCPs (plasmacytoid DCPs) and tDCPs (total DCPs) were analysed by flow cytometry in (i) healthy controls (n=29), (ii) patients with ACI-S (asymptomatic cerebral infarction stenosis; n=46), (iii) patients with TIA (transient ischaemic attack; n=39), (iv) patients with AIS (acute ischaemic stroke; n=73), and (v) patients with AHS (acute haemorrhagic stroke; n=31). The NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) and infarction size on a CT (computer tomography) scan were evaluated after stroke. In a patient subgroup, post-mortem immunohistochemical brain analyses were performed to detect mDCs (CD209), pDCs (CD123), T-cells (CD3) and HLA-DR. In AIS and AHS, the numbers of circulating mDCPs (P&amp;lt;0.005), pDCPs (P&amp;lt;0.005) and tDCPs (P&amp;lt;0.001) were significantly reduced. A significant inverse correlation was found between the NIHSS and circulating DCPs (P&amp;lt;0.02), as well as between hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and circulating DCPs (P&amp;lt;0.001). Patients with large stroke sizes on a CT scan had significantly lower numbers of mDCPs (P=0.007), pDCPs (P=0.05) and tDCPs (P=0.01) than those with smaller stroke sizes. Follow-up analysis showed a significant recovery of circulating DCPs in the first few days after stroke. In the infarcted brain, a dense infiltration of mDCs co-localized with T-cells, single pDCs and high HLA-DR expression were observed. In conclusion, acute stroke leads to a decrease in circulating DCPs. Potentially, circulating DCPs are recruited from the blood into the infarcted brain and probably trigger cerebral immune reactions there.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20090154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,11]],"date-time":"2009-06-11T13:02:34Z","timestamp":1244725354000},"page":"147-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Transient decrease in circulating dendritic cell precursors after acute stroke: potential recruitment into the brain"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Atilla","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic II, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Dietel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic II, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Altendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic II, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Cicha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic II, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Stumpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic II, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter\u00a0D.","family":"Schellinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingmar","family":"Bl\u00fcmcke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner\u00a0G.","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic II, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph\u00a0D.","family":"Garlichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic II, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Kollmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113010123645100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.07.005","article-title":"Inflammation following stroke","volume":"13","author":"Nilupul\u00a0Perera","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2005.12.028","article-title":"Inflammation in stroke and focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"66","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1765","article-title":"Central nervous system injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Meisel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000258346.68966.9d","article-title":"Infection after acute ischemic stroke: a manifestation of brain-induced immunodepression","volume":"38","author":"Chamorro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70061-9","article-title":"Acute ischaemic stroke and infection: recent and emerging concepts","volume":"7","author":"Emsley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000199138.73365.b3","article-title":"Clinical consequences of infection in patients with acute stroke: is it prime time for further antibiotic trials?","volume":"37","author":"Vargas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000170644.15504.49","article-title":"The Early Systemic Prophylaxis of Infection After Stroke study: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Chamorro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600160","article-title":"Sensitization to brain antigens after stroke is augmented by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"25","author":"Becker","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.501486","article-title":"Induction of immunologic tolerance to myelin basic protein prevents central nervous system autoimmunity and improves outcome after stroke","volume":"39","author":"Gee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6549","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.12.6549","article-title":"Nasal vaccination with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein reduces stroke size by inducing IL-10producing CD4+ T cells","volume":"171","author":"Frenkel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.767","article-title":"Immunobiology of dendritic cells","volume":"18","author":"Banchereau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00456-1","article-title":"Dendritic cell subsets and lineages, and their functions in innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"106","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2004.04.027","article-title":"Emergence of dendritic cells in rupture-prone regions of vulnerable carotid plaques","volume":"176","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.642801","article-title":"Pathogen-sensing plasmacytoid dendritic cells stimulate cytotoxic T-cell function in the atherosclerotic plaque through interferon-\u03b1","volume":"114","author":"Niessner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1197","article-title":"Dendritic cells permit immune invasion of the CNS in an animal model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Greter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1201.100209","article-title":"Epidemiology of ischemic stroke subtypes according to TOAST criteria: incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival in ischemic stroke subtypes: a population-based study","volume":"32","author":"Kolominsky-Rabas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.10.1817","article-title":"Comparison of neurological scales and scoring systems for acute stroke prognosis","volume":"27","author":"Muir","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.01.078","article-title":"Decrease in circulating myeloid dendritic cell precursors in coronary artery disease","volume":"48","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(94)90010-8","article-title":"Local immune responses in the rat cerebral cortex after middle cerebral artery occlusion","volume":"55","author":"Schroeter","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.2002.01118.x","article-title":"Dendritic cells, chemokine receptors and autoimmune inflammatory diseases","volume":"80","author":"Cravens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-006-0636-x","article-title":"Functional profile of activated dendritic cells in unstable atherosclerotic plaque","volume":"102","author":"Erbel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20080392","article-title":"Predictive value of the decrease in circulating dendritic cell precursors in stable coronary artery disease","volume":"116","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.21.2531","article-title":"Modulation of C-reactive protein-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induction in human endothelial cells by anti-atherosclerosis drugs","volume":"103","author":"Pasceri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0208123","article-title":"C-reactive protein (CRP) induces chemokine secretion via CD11b\/ICAM-1 interaction in human adherent monocytes","volume":"84","author":"Montecucco","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Leukocyte Biol."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1161\/hs0402.105379","article-title":"Dendritic cells are present in ischemic brain after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat","volume":"33","author":"Kostulas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01158","article-title":"The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, promotes a Th2 bias and reverses paralysis in central nervous system autoimmune disease","volume":"420","author":"Youssef","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.7.1052","article-title":"Thalamic microglial activation in ischemic stroke detected in vivo by PET and [11C]PK1195","volume":"55","author":"Pappata","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3282ffafbf","article-title":"Role of inflammatory markers in brain ischemia","volume":"21","author":"Rodriguez-Yanez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"2021113010123645100_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.06.014","article-title":"Harms and benefits of lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with acute stroke","volume":"158","author":"Urra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["Clinical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/118\/2\/147\/886275\/cs1180147.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/118\/2\/147\/886275\/cs1180147.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T10:22:24Z","timestamp":1638267744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article\/118\/2\/147\/68683\/Transient-decrease-in-circulating-dendritic-cell"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs20090154","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-5221","1470-8736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-5221","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-8736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,19]]}}}