{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:54:59Z","timestamp":1790740499127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present study, we investigated the role of NADPH oxidase in F (fructose)-rich-diet-induced hepatic OS (oxidative stress) and metabolic changes, and their prevention by apocynin co-administration. Wistar rats were fed for 21\u00a0days on (i) a control diet, (ii) a control diet plus 10% F in the drinking water, (iii) a control diet with apocynin in the drinking water (CA) and (iv) F plus apocynin in the drinking water (FA). Glycaemia, triglyceridaemia, NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids) and insulinaemia were determined. In the liver, we measured (i) NADPH oxidase activity, and gene and protein expression; (ii) protein carbonyl groups, GSH and TBARSs (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances); (iii) catalase, CuZn-SOD (superoxide dismutase) and Mn-SOD expression; (iv) liver glycogen and lipid content; (v) GK (glucokinase), G6Pase (glucose-6-phosphatase) and G6PDH (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) activities; (vi) FAS (fatty acid synthase), GPAT (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase), G6Pase and G6PDH, IL-1\u03b2 (interleukin-1\u03b2), PAI-1 (plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1) and TNF\u03b1 (tumour necrosis factor \u03b1) gene expression; and (vii) I\u03baB\u03b1 (inhibitor of nuclear factor \u03baB \u03b1) protein expression. F-fed animals had high serum TAG (triacylglycerol), NEFA and insulin levels, high liver NADPH oxidase activity\/expression, increased OS markers, reduced antioxidant enzyme expression, and increased glycogen, TAG storage and GK, G6Pase and G6PDH activities. They also had high G6Pase, G6PDH, FAS, GPAT, TNF\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 gene expression and decreased I\u03baB\u03b1 expression. Co-administration of apocynin to F-fed rats prevented the development of most of these abnormalities. In conclusion, NADPH oxidase plays a key role in F-induced hepatic OS production and probably also in the mechanism of liver steatosis, suggesting its potential usefulness for the prevention\/treatment of T2DM (Type 2 diabetes mellitus).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20110665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,29]],"date-time":"2012-06-29T09:37:46Z","timestamp":1340962666000},"page":"681-692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Apocynin administration prevents the changes induced by a fructose-rich diet on rat liver metabolism and the antioxidant system"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda\u00a0Cecilia","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CENEXA \u2013 Centro de Endocrinolog\u00eda Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Centro Colaborador OPS\/OMS para Diabetes, 1900 La Plata, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Francini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENEXA \u2013 Centro de Endocrinolog\u00eda Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Centro Colaborador OPS\/OMS para Diabetes, 1900 La Plata, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Schinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farmacolog\u00eda B\u00e1sica, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia\u00a0In\u00e9s","family":"Caldiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIC \u2013 Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda\u00a0Guillermina","family":"Zubir\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMBICE \u2013 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biolog\u00eda Celular (CONICET LA PLATA-CICPBA), 1900 La Plata, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan\u00a0Jos\u00e9","family":"Gagliardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENEXA \u2013 Centro de Endocrinolog\u00eda Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Centro Colaborador OPS\/OMS para Diabetes, 1900 La Plata, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda\u00a0Laura","family":"Massa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENEXA \u2013 Centro de Endocrinolog\u00eda Experimental y Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Centro Colaborador OPS\/OMS para Diabetes, 1900 La Plata, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113010214058500_B1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2009","edition":"4th edn"},{"key":"2021113010214058500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(00)00018-3","article-title":"Food sources of added sweeteners in the diets of Americans","volume":"100","author":"Guthrie","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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