{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T19:53:01Z","timestamp":1772826781866,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Viral exacerbations of allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation in pre-clinical models reportedly reduce the efficacy of glucocorticoids to limit pulmonary inflammation and airways hyper-responsiveness to inhaled spasmogens. However, exacerbations of airway obstruction induced by allergen challenge have not yet been studied. hPIV-3 (human parainfluenza type\u00a03 virus) inoculation of guinea-pigs increased inflammatory cell counts in BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) fluid and caused hyper-responsiveness to inhaled histamine. Both responses were abolished by treatment with either dexamethasone (20\u00a0mg\/kg of body weight, subcutaneous, once a day) or fluticasone propionate (a 0.5\u00a0mg\/ml solution aerosolized and inhaled over 15\u00a0min, twice a day). In ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pigs, allergen (ovalbumin) challenge caused two phases of airway obstruction [measured as changes in sGaw (specific airways conductance) using whole body plethysmography]: an immediate phase lasting between 4 and 6\u00a0h and a late phase at about 7\u00a0h. The late phase, airway hyper-responsiveness to histamine and inflammatory cell counts in BAL were all significantly reduced by either glucocorticoid. Inoculation of guinea-pigs sensitized to ovalbumin with hPIV-3 transformed the allergen-induced airway obstruction from two transient phases into a single sustained response lasting up to 12\u00a0h. This exacerbated airway obstruction and airway hyper-responsiveness to histamine were unaffected by treatment with either glucocorticoid whereas inflammatory cell counts in BAL were only partially inhibited. Virus- or allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation, individually, are glucocorticoid-sensitive, but in combination generate a phenotype where glucocorticoid efficacy is impaired. This suggests that during respiratory virus infection, glucocorticoids might be less effective in limiting pulmonary inflammation associated with asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20130130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,20]],"date-time":"2013-05-20T08:28:23Z","timestamp":1369038503000},"page":"471-482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Human parainfluenza type\u00a03 virus impairs the efficacy of glucocorticoids to limit allergy-induced pulmonary inflammation in guinea-pigs"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"William\u00a0R.","family":"Ford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan\u00a0E.","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rhys\u00a0L.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elinor","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim\u00a0J.","family":"Bugert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth\u00a0J.","family":"Broadley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma\u00a0J.","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113010250961300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.43.9.679","article-title":"Viral respiratory tract infection and exacerbations of asthma in adult patients","volume":"43","author":"Beasley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2021113010250961300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1992.tb02825.x","article-title":"Viruses as precipitants of asthma symptoms. 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