{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:59:19Z","timestamp":1791158359750,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) reduce plasma cholesterol and improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation, inflammation and oxidative stress. A \u2018pleiotropic\u2019 property of statins receiving less attention is their effect on the autonomic nervous system. Increased central sympathetic outflow and diminished cardiac vagal tone are disturbances characteristic of a range of cardiovascular conditions for which statins are now prescribed routinely to reduce cardiovascular events: following myocardial infarction, and in hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure and diabetes. The purpose of the present review is to synthesize contemporary evidence that statins can improve autonomic circulatory regulation. In experimental preparations, high-dose lipophilic statins have been shown to reduce adrenergic outflow by attenuating oxidative stress in central brain regions involved in sympathetic and parasympathetic discharge induction and modulation. In patients with hypertension, chronic kidney disease and heart failure, lipophilic statins, such as simvastatin or atorvastatin, have been shown to reduce MNSA (muscle sympathetic nerve activity) by 12\u201330%. Reports concerning the effect of statin therapy on HRV (heart rate variability) are less consistent. Because of their implications for BP (blood pressure) control, insulin sensitivity, arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death, these autonomic nervous system actions should be considered additional mechanisms by which statins lower cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20130332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T16:10:18Z","timestamp":1384531818000},"page":"401-415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Statins and the autonomic nervous system"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Philip\u00a0J.","family":"Millar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John\u00a0S.","family":"Floras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113010315671500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00530-7","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin across doses (STELLAR* Trial)","volume":"92","author":"Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610033351401","article-title":"The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels","volume":"335","author":"Sacks","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.049","article-title":"Statin therapy is associated with improved survival in ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure","volume":"43","author":"Horwich","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.591446","article-title":"Statins and mortality among elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure","volume":"113","author":"Foody","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.05.053","article-title":"Effects of statin therapy on arrhythmic events and survival in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"48","author":"Goldberger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.09.067","article-title":"Meta-analysis of statin effects in women versus men","volume":"59","author":"Kostis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60367-5","article-title":"The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials","volume":"380","author":"Mihaylova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0110","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statins: basic research and clinical perspectives","volume":"74","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095748","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statins","volume":"45","author":"Liao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574410362922","article-title":"Basic science review: Statin therapy\u2013Part I: The pleiotropic effects of statins in cardiovascular disease","volume":"44","author":"Sadowitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B11","first-page":"18","article-title":"Small G proteins as novel therapeutic targets in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"18","author":"Barandier","year":"2003","journal-title":"News Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C723","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00230.2003","article-title":"Rac regulates cardiovascular superoxide through diverse molecular interactions: more than a binary GTP switch","volume":"285","author":"Gregg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1161\/hh1901.097084","article-title":"Thrombin suppresses endothelial nitric oxide synthase and upregulates endothelin-converting enzyme-1 expression by distinct pathways: role of Rho\/ROCK and mitogen-activated protein kinase","volume":"89","author":"Eto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20050307","article-title":"Endothelin-1-induced oxidative stress in DOCA-salt hypertension involves NADPH-oxidase-independent mechanisms","volume":"110","author":"Callera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328010d4d2","article-title":"RhoA\/Rho-kinase pathway: much more than just a modulation of vascular tone. Evidence from studies in humans","volume":"25","author":"Calo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1161\/hq1201.099430","article-title":"Downregulation of angiotensin II type\u00a01 receptor by hydrophobic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"21","author":"Ichiki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000237975.90870.eb","article-title":"Angiotensin II signal transduction through small GTP-binding proteins","volume":"48","author":"Ohtsu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4585","article-title":"Angiotensin-generated reactive oxygen species in brain and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"19","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signaling"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1038\/79510","article-title":"The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin activates the protein kinase Akt and promotes angiogenesis in normocholesterolemic animals","volume":"6","author":"Kureishi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000065601.83526.3E","article-title":"Rosuvastatin decreases caveolin\u22121 and improves nitric oxide-dependent heart rate and blood pressure variability in apolipoprotein E\u2212\/\u2212 mice in\u00a0vivo","volume":"107","author":"Pelat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(02)00419-0","article-title":"Statin effects beyond lipid lowering: are they clinically relevant?","volume":"24","author":"Bonetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000128695.49900.12","article-title":"Increased reactive oxygen species in rostral ventrolateral medulla contribute to neural mechanisms of hypertension in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"109","author":"Kishi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.11.015","article-title":"Increased superoxide anion in rostral ventrolateral medulla contributes to hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats via interactions with nitric oxide","volume":"38","author":"Tai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.824730","article-title":"Sympathoexcitation by oxidative stress in the brain mediates arterial pressure elevation in obesity-induced hypertension","volume":"119","author":"Nagae","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00335","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the brain causes hypertension via sympathoexcitation","volume":"3","author":"Kishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200312001-00023","article-title":"Reduced nitric oxide synthase in the brainstem contributes to enhanced sympathetic drive in rats with heart failure","volume":"42","author":"Hirooka","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.175810","article-title":"Contribution of central nervous system endothelial nitric oxide synthase to neurohumoral activation in heart failure rats","volume":"58","author":"Biancardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.01.032","article-title":"Reduction in molecular synthesis or enzyme activity of superoxide dismutases and catalase contributes to oxidative stress and neurogenic hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"40","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.57.030195.003343","article-title":"Nitric oxide signaling in the central nervous system","volume":"57","author":"Garthwaite","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1161\/hy0102.100540","article-title":"Enhanced nitric oxide inactivation and protein nitration by reactive oxygen species in renal insufficiency","volume":"39","author":"Vaziri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32834e1df4","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla modulates excitatory and inhibitory inputs in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"30","author":"Nishihara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1994.74.2.323","article-title":"Functional organization of central pathways regulating the cardiovascular system","volume":"74","author":"Dampney","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1161\/hy0202.102701","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"39","author":"Kishi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-0399","article-title":"Reduction of nitric oxide-mediated \u03b3-amino butyric acid release in rostral ventrolateral medulla is involved in superoxide-induced sympathoexcitation of hypertensive rats","volume":"76","author":"Shinohara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000043501.47934.FA","article-title":"Superoxide mediates the actions of angiotensin II in the central nervous system","volume":"91","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1067","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01131.2007","article-title":"Aldosterone acts centrally to increase brain renin-angiotensin system activity and oxidative stress in normal rats","volume":"294","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847172","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/847172","article-title":"Central mechanisms of abnormal sympathoexcitation in chronic heart failure","volume":"2012","author":"Kishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.84.4.417","article-title":"Regulation of sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure: a role for nitric oxide and angiotensin II","volume":"84","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B39","first-page":"H1608","article-title":"Brain renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic hyperactivity in rats after myocardial infarction","volume":"276","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.36.2.259","article-title":"Angiotensin in the nucleus tractus solitarii contributes to neurogenic hypertension caused by chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition","volume":"36","author":"Eshima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2241","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.5.H2241","article-title":"Central mineralocorticoid receptor blockade improves volume regulation and reduces sympathetic drive in heart failure","volume":"281","author":"Francis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H791","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00099.2004","article-title":"Neural regulation of the proinflammatory cytokine response to acute myocardial infarction","volume":"287","author":"Francis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H742","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00856.2011","article-title":"Aldosterone-induced brain MAPK signaling and sympathetic excitation are angiotensin II type-1 receptor dependent","volume":"302","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.142836","article-title":"Brain perivascular macrophages and the sympathetic response to inflammation in rats after myocardial infarction","volume":"55","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3283358b6e","article-title":"Centrally administered lipopolysaccharide elicits sympathetic excitation via NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.091009","article-title":"Sympathoexcitation by oxidative stress in the brain mediates arterial pressure elevation in salt sensitive hypertension","volume":"50","author":"Fujita","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1161\/hyp.38.4.896","article-title":"Overexpression of eNOS in the RVLM causes hypotension and bradycardia via GABA release","volume":"38","author":"Kishi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)10757-X","article-title":"A central nervous system action of nitric oxide in blood pressure regulation","volume":"262","author":"Togashi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B49","first-page":"R864","article-title":"Nitric oxide within the paraventricular nucleus mediates changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity","volume":"273","author":"Zhang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000143319.73503.38","article-title":"Effects of statins on endothelium and signaling mechanisms","volume":"35","author":"Endres","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.136028","article-title":"Simvastatin inhibits central sympathetic outflow in heart failure by a nitric-oxide synthase mechanism","volume":"326","author":"Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000081775.72651.B6","article-title":"Relation between cardiac sympathetic activity and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"108","author":"Schlaich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01786-7","article-title":"Sympathetic activation markedly reduces endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated vasodilation","volume":"39","author":"Hijmering","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/080370500439362","article-title":"Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertension: a review","volume":"9","author":"Lind","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood Pressure"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32834f9882","article-title":"Effect of mild hyperinsulinemia on conduit vessel endothelial function: role of noradrenergic activation","volume":"30","author":"Morgantini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(96)00303-2","article-title":"Sympathetic nerve hyperactivity precedes hyperinsulinemia and blood pressure elevation in a young, nonobese Japanese population","volume":"10","author":"Masuo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200412000-00019","article-title":"Effect of central and peripheral body fat distribution on sympathetic and baroreflex function in obese normotensives","volume":"22","author":"Grassi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.09.021","article-title":"Neural modulation of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death","volume":"3","author":"Zipes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198409273111303","article-title":"Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure","volume":"311","author":"Cohn","year":"1984","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.16.2072","article-title":"Baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability in the identification of patients at risk for life-threatening arrhythmias: implications for clinical trials","volume":"103","author":"La Rovere","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.03.056","article-title":"Increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity predicts mortality in heart failure patients","volume":"135","author":"Barretto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(97)01147-4","article-title":"Hydrophilicity\/lipophilicity: relevance for the pharmacology and clinical effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors","volume":"19","author":"Hamelin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-09-0402","article-title":"Fluvastatin attenuates diabetes-induced cardiac sympathetic neuropathy in association with a decrease in oxidative stress","volume":"74","author":"Matsuki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2011.04.001","article-title":"Cardiac applications of 123I-mIBG imaging","volume":"41","author":"Chirumamilla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B65","first-page":"1793","article-title":"Simvastatin-induced cardiac autonomic control improvement in fructose-fed female rats","volume":"66","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200302000-00030","article-title":"Atorvastatin causes depressor and sympatho-inhibitory effects with upregulation of nitric oxide synthases in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"21","author":"Kishi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10641960701813429","article-title":"Atorvastatin reduces oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"30","author":"Kishi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3109\/10641960903407066","article-title":"Atorvastatin improves the impaired baroreflex sensitivity via anti-oxidant effect in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of SHRSP","volume":"31","author":"Kishi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-0276","article-title":"Combination therapy of atorvastatin and amlodipine inhibits sympathetic nervous system activation and improves cognitive function in hypertensive rats","volume":"76","author":"Kishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200308000-00001","article-title":"Sympathoinhibitory and depressor effects of amlodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"42","author":"Huang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.29.49","article-title":"Amlodipine-induced reduction of oxidative stress in the brain is associated with sympatho-inhibitory effects in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"29","author":"Hirooka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32830dd5d3","article-title":"Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species mediate sympathoexcitation induced by angiotensin II in the rostral ventrolateral medulla","volume":"26","author":"Nozoe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e3181ce9681","article-title":"Sympathoinhibition induced by centrally administered atorvastatin is associated with alteration of NAD(P)H and Mn superoxide dismutase activity in rostral ventrolateral medulla of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"55","author":"Kishi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2010.09.025","article-title":"Pravastatin normalises peripheral cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity in the spontaneously hypertensive rat","volume":"50","author":"Herring","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H3617","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00875.2007","article-title":"Effect of pravastatin on sympathetic reinnervation in postinfarcted rats","volume":"293","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000065606.63163.B9","article-title":"Simvastatin normalizes autonomic neural control in experimental heart failure","volume":"107","author":"Pliquett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00265.2003","article-title":"Statin therapy restores sympathovagal balance in experimental heart failure","volume":"95","author":"Pliquett","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.552174","article-title":"Simvastatin therapy normalizes sympathetic neural control in experimental heart failure. Roles of angiotensin II type\u00a01 receptors and NAD(P)H oxidase","volume":"112","author":"Gao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00396","article-title":"Central Rho kinase inhibition restores baroreflex sensitivity and angiotensin II type\u00a01 receptor protein imbalance in conscious rabbits with chronic heart failure","volume":"61","author":"Haack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248411416816","article-title":"Terminalia arjuna enhances baroreflex sensitivity and myocardial function in isoproterenol-induced chronic heart failure rats","volume":"17","author":"Parveen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000050649.30821.CB","article-title":"Overexpression of eNOS in RVLM improves impaired baroreflex control of heart rate in SHRSP","volume":"41","author":"Kishi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1660","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00239.2003","article-title":"nNOS gene transfer to RVLM improves baroreflex function in rats with chronic heart failure","volume":"285","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2743","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00347.2006","article-title":"Low-dose simvastatin improves survival and ventricular function via eNOS in congestive heart failure","volume":"291","author":"Greer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00643-X","article-title":"Effect of atorvastatin and fenofibrate on autonomic tone in subjects with combined hyperlipidemia","volume":"92","author":"Melenovsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.88.4.415","article-title":"Intensive statin treatment improves baroreflex sensitivity: another cardioprotective mechanism for statins?","volume":"88","author":"Patterson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910283411804","article-title":"Heart-rate recovery immediately after exercise as a predictor of mortality","volume":"341","author":"Cole","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2006.09.002","article-title":"Simvastatin improves the attenuated heart rate recovery of type\u00a02 diabetics","volume":"54","author":"Tekin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.11.059","article-title":"Effects of statin treatment on serum sex steroids levels and autonomic and erectile function","volume":"71","author":"Do\u011fru","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.195","article-title":"Prospective randomized comparison between omega-3 fatty acid supplements plus simvastatin versus simvastatin alone in Korean patients with mixed dyslipidemia: lipoprotein profiles and heart rate variability","volume":"65","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000103680.61390.16","article-title":"Lipid lowering by pravastatin increases parasympathetic modulation of heart rate: G\u03b1i2, a possible molecular marker for parasympathetic responsiveness","volume":"108","author":"Welzig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B91","first-page":"613","article-title":"Atorvastatin reduces sympathetic activity and increases baroreceptor reflex sensitivity in patients with hypercholesterolaemia and systemic arterial hypertension","volume":"67","author":"Si\u0144ski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Kardiol. Pol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.137","article-title":"Simvastatin reduces sympathetic activity in men with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia","volume":"33","author":"Lewandowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0427","article-title":"Sympathoinhibition by atorvastatin in hypertensive patients","volume":"74","author":"Gomes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-302980","article-title":"Simvastatin reduces sympathetic outflow and augments endothelium-independent dilation in non-hyperlipidaemic primary hypertension","volume":"99","author":"McGowan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00746-2","article-title":"Heart rate variability after long-term treatment with atorvastatin in hypercholesterolaemic patients with or without coronary artery disease","volume":"157","author":"Pehlivanidis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.05.043","article-title":"The effect of rapid lipid lowering with atorvastatin on autonomic parameters in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"117","author":"Szramka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.2002.0988","article-title":"HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors improve heart rate variability in patients with a previous myocardial infarction","volume":"45","author":"Riahi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.08.032","article-title":"The effect of atorvastatin on heart rate variability and lipoproteins in patients treated with coronary bypass surgery","volume":"111","author":"Riahi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1159\/000088175","article-title":"Statins, ventricular arrhythmias and heart rate variability in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators and coronary heart disease","volume":"104","author":"Riahi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32834ae3c7","article-title":"Atorvastatin reduces sympathetic activity in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"29","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq857","article-title":"Aliskiren reduces sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"26","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2174\/187152911795945178","article-title":"Effect of simvastatin use on autonomic function in patients with end stage renal disease","volume":"11","author":"Narsipur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Hematol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-009-0041-2","article-title":"Sympathoinhibitory effect of statins in chronic heart failure","volume":"20","author":"Gomes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Auton. Res."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.07.008","article-title":"Statins do not significantly affect muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans with nonischemic heart failure: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Horwich","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Card. Failure"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H377","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00289.2012","article-title":"Statin therapy lowers muscle sympathetic nerve activity and oxidative stress in patients with heart failure","volume":"303","author":"Deo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2005.06.439","article-title":"Atorvastatin therapy increases heart rate variability, decreases QT variability, and shortens QTc interval duration in patients with advanced chronic heart failure","volume":"11","author":"Vrtovec","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Card. Failure"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-005-2219-8","article-title":"Short-term adjuvant atorvastatin improves frequency domain indices of heart rate variability in stable systolic heart failure","volume":"19","author":"Hamaad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1042\/CS19980347","article-title":"Dissociation between microneurographic and heart rate variability estimates of sympathetic tone in normal subjects and patients with heart failure","volume":"96","author":"Notarius","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1999.1875","article-title":"Depressed low frequency power of heart rate variability as an independent predictor of sudden death in chronic heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Galinier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.46.845","article-title":"Decreased heart rate recovery in patients with heart failure: effect of fluvastatin therapy","volume":"46","author":"Katircibasi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.06.087","article-title":"Neutral effect on markers of heart failure, inflammation, endothelial activation and function, and vagal tone after high-dose HMG-CoA reductase inhibition in non-diabetic patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and average low-density lipoprotein level","volume":"47","author":"Bleske","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.10.031","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of the effect of simvastatin on heart rate variability in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"150","author":"Gentlesk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-11-0222","article-title":"Effect of atorvastatin vs. rosuvastatin on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in non-diabetic patients with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"75","author":"Tsutamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1067\/mnc.2002.121471","article-title":"MIBG imaging","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-009-9210-z","article-title":"Characterization of common measures of heart period variability in healthy human subjects: implications for patient monitoring","volume":"24","author":"Rickards","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Monit. Comput."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1053\/eupc.2000.0136","article-title":"Limitations of the use of spectral analysis of heart rate variability for the estimation of cardiac sympathetic activity in heart failure","volume":"3","author":"Notarius","year":"2001","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00900-1","article-title":"Nonselective \u03b2-adrenergic blocking agent, carvedilol, improves arterial baroflex gain and heart rate variability in patients with stable chronic heart failure","volume":"36","author":"Mortara","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2001.tb00093.x","article-title":"Effect of \u03b2-blockade on autonomic modulation of heart rate and neurohormonal profile in decompensated heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Aronson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.06.046","article-title":"Intensity of statin therapy in relation to myocardial ischemia, troponin T release, and clinical cardiac outcome in patients undergoing major vascular surgery","volume":"50","author":"Feringa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32834bcaf8","article-title":"Sympathoinhibitory effects of statins in chronic kidney disease: are they clinically relevant?","volume":"29","author":"Zoccali","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.7.721","article-title":"Reduction in blood pressure with statins: results from the UCSD Statin Study, a randomized trial","volume":"168","author":"Golomb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000259737.43916.42","article-title":"Do statins reduce blood pressure?: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials","volume":"49","author":"Strazzullo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12081","article-title":"Antihypertensive effects of statins: a meta-analysis of prospective controlled studies","volume":"15","author":"Briasoulis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1002001","article-title":"Statins: another class of antihypertensive agents?","volume":"20","author":"Milionis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.21.5.618","article-title":"Reflex sympathetic activation induces acute insulin resistance in the human forearm","volume":"21","author":"Jamerson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(95)90127-2","article-title":"\u03b11-Blocker doxazosin improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in diabetic hypertensive patients","volume":"44","author":"Giorda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Metab., Clin. Exp."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq135","article-title":"\u03b1-Receptor blockade improves muscle perfusion and glucose uptake in heart failure","volume":"12","author":"Gomes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Failure"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B128","first-page":"S29","article-title":"Moxonidine improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant hypertensives","volume":"17","author":"Haenni","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00606.x","article-title":"Moxonidine improves glycaemic control in mildly hypertensive, overweight patients: a comparison with metformin","volume":"8","author":"Chazova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.03.015","article-title":"Metabolic and antihypertensive effects of moxonidine and moxonidine plus irbesartan in patients with type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus and mild hypertension: a sequential, randomized, double-blind clinical trial","volume":"29","author":"Derosa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61965-6","article-title":"Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials","volume":"375","author":"Sattar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20090063","article-title":"Non-esterified fatty acids increase arterial pressure via central sympathetic activation in humans","volume":"118","author":"Florian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2009.050997","article-title":"Sympathetic and haemodynamic responses to lipids in healthy human ageing","volume":"95","author":"Florian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I131","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.13.5_Suppl.I131","article-title":"\u03b11-Antagonists in the treatment of hypertension","volume":"13","author":"Grimm","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02116055","article-title":"Association between sympathetic activity and the atherogenic serum cholesterol fraction","volume":"68","author":"Weidmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00052-0","article-title":"Heart rate variability and plasma lipids in men with and without ischaemic heart disease","volume":"145","author":"Christensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000060887.83850.46","article-title":"Morning surge in blood pressure","volume":"107","author":"Kaplan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2012.44","article-title":"The morning blood pressure surge is related to serum cholesterol","volume":"27","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706201","article-title":"Rosuvastatin in older patients with systolic heart failure","volume":"357","author":"Kjekshus","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61240-4","article-title":"Effect of rosuvastatin in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"Tavazzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810177","article-title":"Rosuvastatin and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis","volume":"360","author":"Fellstr\u00f6m","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-1062","article-title":"Effects of pitavastatin in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure: the Pitavastatin Heart Failure Study (PEARL Study)","volume":"77","author":"Takano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20120437","article-title":"Do high doses of AT1-receptor blockers attenuate central sympathetic outflow in humans with chronic heart failure?","volume":"124","author":"Ruzicka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(99)00045-5","article-title":"New insights into the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of statins","volume":"84","author":"Corsini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2002.0804216","article-title":"Low serum total cholesterol is associated with marked increase in mortality in advanced heart failure","volume":"8","author":"Horwich","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Card. Failure"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.016","article-title":"The relationship between cholesterol and survival in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"Rauchhaus","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.02.074","article-title":"Simvastatin impairs exercise training adaptations","volume":"62","author":"Mikus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011858","article-title":"Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing","volume":"346","author":"Myers","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.938852","article-title":"Exercise capacity and mortality in older men: a 20-year follow-up study","volume":"122","author":"Kokkinos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.4.1220","article-title":"Frequency domain measures of heart rate variability before the onset of nonsustained and sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"87","author":"Huikuri","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000047275.25795.17","article-title":"Short-term heart rate variability strongly predicts sudden cardiac death in chronic heart failure patients","volume":"107","author":"La Rovere","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B152","first-page":"1383","article-title":"Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)","volume":"344","author":"The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199811053391902","article-title":"Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels","volume":"339","author":"The Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs005","article-title":"Effect of statins on ventricular tachyarrhythmia, cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished evidence from randomized trials","volume":"33","author":"Rahimi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e3181e9087a","article-title":"The effect of statin therapy on ventricular tachyarrhythmias: a meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Wanahita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Ther."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.03.041","article-title":"Reduction in life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias in statin-treated patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy enrolled in the MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy)","volume":"60","author":"Buber","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04258.x","article-title":"The role of statin therapy in the prevention of atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"74","author":"Fang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d1250","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d1250","article-title":"Effect of statins on atrial fibrillation: collaborative meta-analysis of published and unpublished evidence from randomised controlled trials","volume":"342","author":"Rahimi","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.06.652","article-title":"Activity with ambulation attenuates diuretic responsiveness in chronic heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Galiwango","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Card. Failure"},{"key":"2021113010315671500_B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.03.034","article-title":"Intensive statin therapy and the risk of hospitalization for heart failure after an acute coronary syndrome in the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 study","volume":"47","author":"Scirica","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Clinical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/126\/6\/401\/444436\/cs1260401.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/126\/6\/401\/444436\/cs1260401.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T20:42:20Z","timestamp":1746045740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article\/126\/6\/401\/69227\/Statins-and-the-autonomic-nervous-system"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]},"references-count":160,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs20130332","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-5221","1470-8736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-5221","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-8736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]}}}