{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:52:53Z","timestamp":1791420773389,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OSA (obstructive sleep apnoea) is associated with a higher risk for alterations in post-occlusive hyperaemia, an eNOS (endothelial NO synthase)-dependent endothelial response. However, since not all children manifest endothelial dysfunction, we hypothesized that differences in circulating monocyte subsets and NO production may underlie the vascular phenotype in paediatric OSA. Matched pre-pubertal children with OSA with abnormal endothelial function (OSAab) and with normal endothelial function (OSAn), and controls (CO) were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were subtyped into CD14+ and CD16+ cells, and NO production was assessed using flow cytometry. Endothelial dysfunction was defined as Tmax (time to reach maximal reperfusion) &amp;gt;45\u00a0s by laser Doppler flowmetry. A total of 11 OSAab, 12 OSAn and 12 CO-matched children completed the study. The OSAab group had increased CD16+ and decreased CD14+ cell numbers. They also had increased CX3CR1 (CX3C chemokine receptor 1) expression in CD16+ monocytes (P&amp;lt;0.01). Furthermore, monocytes from the OSAab group exhibited overall reduced NO production (787\u00b171 compared with 1226\u00b1229 and 1089\u00b1116 median fluorescence intensity in the OSAn group and CO children respectively; P&amp;lt;0.01). Significant bivariate associations emerged between NO production, monocyte subsets, CX3CR1\u00a0in CD16+ monocytes, the CD14+\/CD16+ ratio and Tmax. Thus OSA in children is associated with increased numbers of pro-inflammatory monocytes and reduced NO production in circulating monocytes that are closely associated with endothelial function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20130679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T09:35:31Z","timestamp":1394530531000},"page":"323-330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Nitric oxide production by monocytes in children with OSA and endothelial dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Leila","family":"Kheirandish-Gozal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan\u00a0C.","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sindhuja","family":"Harshan Vardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Leng","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Molero Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelnaby","family":"Khalyfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari P.R.","family":"Bandla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gozal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113010334588100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e714","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1672","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"130","author":"Marcus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.6.747","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction in children with sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"28","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00007","article-title":"Sympathetic and catecholaminergic alterations in sleep apnea with particular emphasis on children","volume":"3","author":"Hakim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.2741\/E553","article-title":"C-reactive protein and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children","volume":"4","author":"Gozal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed)."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.08.019","article-title":"Chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, and autonomic deregulation in children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"185","author":"Gozal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2217\/clp.12.11","article-title":"Sleep, sleep-disordered breathing and lipid homeostasis: translational evidence from murine models and children","volume":"7","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2105118","article-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy and abnormal ventricular geometry in children and adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"165","author":"Amin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2008.03.002","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: evidence from children","volume":"51","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0150","article-title":"B-type natriuretic peptide and cardiovascular function in young children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"138","author":"Goldbart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.09.015","article-title":"Increased sympathetic activity in children with obstructive sleep apnea: cardiovascular implications","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3431","article-title":"Elevated blood pressure during sleep and wake in children with sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"128","author":"Horne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812463193","article-title":"Systematic review of effects of adenotonsillectomy on cardiovascular parameters in children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"148","author":"Teo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2108","article-title":"Baroreflex sensitivity after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea during wakefulness and sleep","volume":"35","author":"Crisalli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200808-1324OC","article-title":"Baroreflex gain in children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"180","author":"McConnell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.099762","article-title":"Activity-adjusted 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and cardiac remodeling in children with sleep disordered breathing","volume":"51","author":"Amin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1777","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in children without hypertension: potential contributions of obesity and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"141","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.696823","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and endothelial function in school-aged nonobese children: effect of adenotonsillectomy","volume":"116","author":"Gozal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1845OC","article-title":"Endothelial progenitor cells and vascular dysfunction in children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"182","author":"Kheirandish-Gozal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2026","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in children with obstructive sleep apnea is associated with epigenetic changes in the eNOS gene","volume":"143","author":"Kheirandish-Gozal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.4.947","article-title":"Plasma adhesion molecules in children with sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"129","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2161","article-title":"Circulating microparticles in children with sleep disordered breathing","volume":"140","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00075409","article-title":"Myeloid-related protein 8\/14 levels in children with obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2726","article-title":"TREM 1 and pentraxin 3 plasma levels and their association with obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and endothelial function in children","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.03.016","article-title":"Genotype-phenotype interactions in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"189","author":"Kheirandish-Gozal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2724","article-title":"Alterations in circulating T-cell lymphocyte populations in children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"36","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2011.05.010","article-title":"A glimpse on the phenomenon of macrophage polarization during atherosclerosis","volume":"216","author":"Pello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1160\/TH11-07-0500","article-title":"Differential role of monocyte subsets in atherosclerosis","volume":"106","author":"Hristov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-012-0267-7","article-title":"Novel immune signals and atherosclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Iwata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler. Rep."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.180505","article-title":"Regulation of the migration and survival of monocyte subsets by chemokine receptors and its relevance to atherosclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Gautier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.089755","article-title":"The relationship between shear stress and flow-mediated dilatation: Implications for the assessment of endothelial function","volume":"568","author":"Pyke","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.09.039","article-title":"Endothelial nitric oxide synthase: a determinant of TNF\u03b1 production by human monocytes\/macrophages","volume":"310","author":"M\u00fchl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830240836","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase: mRNA expression of different isoforms in human monocytes\/macrophages","volume":"24","author":"Reiling","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2011.06.008","article-title":"Molecular and biochemical characterization of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and their intracellular distribution in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"1813","author":"Saluja","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.2.S2.555","article-title":"The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents","volume":"114","author":"National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1067","article-title":"Polysomnographic characteristics in normal preschool and early school-aged children","volume":"117","author":"Montgomery-Downs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B36","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications","author":"Iber","year":"2007"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1161","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0688","article-title":"Neurocognitive and endothelial dysfunction in children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"126","author":"Gozal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2013.03.004","article-title":"Sources of heterogeneity in human monocyte subsets","volume":"152","author":"Appleby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00760-6","article-title":"Effect of a single high-fat meal on endothelial function in healthy subjects","volume":"79","author":"Vogel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0375-x","article-title":"The multiple roles of monocyte subsets in steady state and inflammation","volume":"67","author":"Robbins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e3283324f80","article-title":"Monocytes: subsets, origins, fates and functions","volume":"17","author":"Yona","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.228","article-title":"Monocytes in atherosclerosis: subsets and functions","volume":"7","author":"Woollard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2010.72","article-title":"Nitric oxide and reactive hyperemia: role of location and duration of ischemia","volume":"23","author":"Raff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.03.013","article-title":"Serum nitrite and nitrate levels in children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"11","author":"Kaditis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00103204","article-title":"Activated CD8+ T-lymphocytes in obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"25","author":"Dyugovskaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1361.076","article-title":"Lymphocyte activation as a possible measureof atherosclerotic risk in patients with sleep apnea","volume":"1051","author":"Dyugovskaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-006-0085-7","article-title":"Hypoxemia and obesity modulate plasma C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 levels in snoring children","volume":"11","author":"Tauman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.3.319","article-title":"Sleep measures and morning plasma TNF-\u03b1 levels in children with sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"33","author":"Gozal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20943","article-title":"Inflammation and sleep disordered breathing in children: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"43","author":"Goldbart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0435","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing in obese children is associated with prevalent excessive daytime sleepiness, inflammation, and metabolic abnormalities","volume":"95","author":"Tsaoussoglou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.04.013","article-title":"Systemic inflammation in non-obese children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"9","author":"Gozal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.7.2104126","article-title":"Increased adhesion molecules expression and production of reactive oxygen species in leukocytes of sleep apnea patients","volume":"165","author":"Dyugovskaya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.11.006","article-title":"Genome-wide gene expression profiling in children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"10","author":"Khalyfa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2011.04.024","article-title":"Inflammatory pathways in children with insufficient or disordered sleep","volume":"178","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2021113010334588100_B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-138MG","article-title":"Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: complications, management, and long-term outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Sans Capdevila","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc."}],"container-title":["Clinical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/127\/5\/323\/445008\/cs1270323.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/127\/5\/323\/445008\/cs1270323.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T11:26:15Z","timestamp":1638271575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article\/127\/5\/323\/70817\/Nitric-oxide-production-by-monocytes-in-children"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,15]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs20130679","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-5221","1470-8736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-5221","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-8736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,15]]}}}