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Changes in AHR (airway hyperresponsiveness), BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) inflammatory infiltrate, HDM-specific immunoglobulins and cytokine\/chemokine release were evaluated at different points after the challenge. The effect of oral dexamethasone was also assessed. Exacerbation was achieved when poly(I:C) was administered 24\u00a0h before the HDM challenge and was characterized by enhanced AHR and an increase in the numbers of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in the BALF. Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines were also elevated at different time points after the challenge. Peribronchial and alveolar inflammation in lung tissue were also augmented. AHR and inflammatory infiltration showed reduced sensitivity to dexamethasone treatment. We have set up a model that mimics key aspects of viral exacerbation in a corticosteroid-refractory asthmatic phenotype which could be used to evaluate new therapies for this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20150292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]],"date-time":"2015-08-06T00:49:42Z","timestamp":1438822182000},"page":"973-987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Double-stranded RNA evokes exacerbation in a mouse model of corticosteroid refractory asthma"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"De Alba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Therapeutic Area (Discovery), Almirall R&D Center, Laure\u00e0 Mir\u00f3 408-410, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona 08980, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Otal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Therapeutic Area (Discovery), Almirall R&D Center, Laure\u00e0 Mir\u00f3 408-410, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona 08980, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Calama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Therapeutic Area (Discovery), Almirall R&D Center, Laure\u00e0 Mir\u00f3 408-410, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona 08980, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Domenech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Toxicology and Pathology, Almirall R&D Center, Laure\u00e0 Mir\u00f3 408-410, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona 08980, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neus","family":"Prats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Toxicology and Pathology, Almirall R&D Center, Laure\u00e0 Mir\u00f3 408-410, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona 08980, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Gozzard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Union Chimique Belge Pharma Ltd, 208 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Miralpeix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Therapeutic Area (Discovery), Almirall R&D Center, Laure\u00e0 Mir\u00f3 408-410, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona 08980, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113010383196900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2011.02534.x","article-title":"Asthma: a simple concept but in reality a complex disease","volume":"41","author":"Holgate","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. 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