{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T04:09:09Z","timestamp":1748750949060,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Catecholamines trigger proximal tubular fluid retention and reduce renal excretion of solute-free water. In advanced cirrhosis, non-osmotic hypersecretion of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone or ADH) is considered the cause of dilutional hyponatraemia, but ADH V2 receptor antagonists are not beneficial in long-term treatment of ascites. To test the hypothesis that water retention in experimental ascitic cirrhosis might depend primarily on adrenergic hyper-function, hormonal status, renal function and tubular free-water reabsorption (TFWR) were assessed in six groups of rats with ascitic cirrhosis: rats with cirrhosis due to 13-week CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) administration (group G1); cirrhotic rats receiving daily diuretics (0.5\u00a0mg\/kg furosemide plus 2\u00a0mg\/kg K+-canrenoate) from the 11th to the 13th week of CCl4 (G2), diuretics associated with guanfacine oral prodrug (\u03b12A-adrenergic receptor agonist and sympatholytic agent) at 2 (G3), 7 (G4) or 10 (G5)\u00a0mg\/kg, or with SSP-004240F1 (V2 receptor antagonist) at 1\u00a0mg\/kg (G6). Natriuresis was lower in G1 than in G2, G4 and G6 (all P&amp;lt;0.05). Guanfacine, added to diuretics (i.e. G3 compared with G2), reduced serum noradrenaline from 423\u00b122 to 211\u00b141\u00a0ng\/l (P&amp;lt;0.05), plasma renin activity (PRA) from 35\u00b18 to 9\u00b12\u00a0ng\/ml\/h (P&amp;lt;0.05) and TFWR from 45\u00b18 to 20\u00b16\u00a0\u03bcl\/min (P&amp;lt;0.01). TFWR correlated with plasma aldosterone (r=0.51, P&amp;lt;0.01) and urinary potassium excretion (r=0.90, P&amp;lt;0.001). In ascitic cirrhosis, reduced volaemia, use of diuretics (especially furosemide) and adrenergic hyper-function cause tubular retention of water. Suitable doses of sympatholytic agents are effective aquaretics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20150479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,31]],"date-time":"2015-10-31T01:48:12Z","timestamp":1446256092000},"page":"117-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pathogenesis of solute-free water retention in experimental ascitic cirrhosis: is vasopressin the only culprit?"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Sanso\u00e8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Gradenigo Hospital, 10135 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Aragno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Mastrocola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Parola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113010415987300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21412","article-title":"Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: result of a patient population survey","volume":"44","author":"Angeli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2021113010415987300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801209","article-title":"Hyponatremia and mortality among patients on the liver-transplant waiting list","volume":"359","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. 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