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There are no systematic large studies powered to determine changes in the ECG from pre-pregnancy, through gestation, and into the postpartum period. The large variability between patients and the dynamic nature of pregnancy hampers interpretation of smaller studies, but some facts are consistent. Gestational cardiac hypertrophy and a physical shift of the heart contribute to changes in the ECG. There are also electrical changes such as an increased heart rate and lengthening of the QT interval. There is an increased susceptibility to arrhythmias during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Some changes in the ECG are clearly the result of changes in ion channel expression and behaviour, but little is known about the ionic basis for this electrical remodelling. Most information comes from animal models, and implicates changes in the delayed-rectifier channels. However, it is likely that there are additional roles for sodium channels as well as changes in calcium homoeostasis. The changes in the electrical profile of the heart during pregnancy and the postpartum period have clear implications for the safety of pregnant women, but the field remains relatively undeveloped.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20150710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,2]],"date-time":"2016-04-02T01:20:08Z","timestamp":1459560008000},"page":"747-759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Hormones and sex differences: changes in cardiac electrophysiology with pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Glenna\u00a0C.L.","family":"Bett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cellular and Systems Electrophysiology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113010401739700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.108.789081","article-title":"Cardiac ion channels","volume":"2","author":"Grant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ. 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