{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T12:52:49Z","timestamp":1782391969350,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes increases the risk of heart failure approximately 2.5-fold, independent of coronary artery disease and other comorbidities. This process, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, is characterized by initial impairment of left ventricular (LV) relaxation followed by LV contractile dysfunction. Post-mortem examination reveals that human diastolic dysfunction is closely associated with LV damage, including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis and fibrosis, with impaired coronary microvascular perfusion. The pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning the characteristic features of diabetic cardiomyopathy remain poorly understood, although multiple factors including altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, as well as epigenetic changes, are implicated. Despite a recent rise in research interrogating these mechanisms and an increased understanding of the clinical importance of diabetic cardiomyopathy, there remains a lack of specific treatment strategies. How the chronic metabolic disturbances observed in diabetes lead to structural and functional changes remains a pertinent question, and it is hoped that recent advances, particularly in the area of epigenetics, among others, may provide some answers. This review hence explores the temporal onset of the pathological features of diabetic cardiomyopathy, and their relative contribution to the resultant disease phenotype, as well as both current and potential therapeutic options. The emergence of glucose-optimizing agents, namely glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and sodium\/glucose co-transporter (SGLT)2 inhibitors that confer benefits on cardiovascular outcomes, together with novel experimental approaches, highlight a new and exciting era in diabetes research, which is likely to result in major clinical impact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20160491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]],"date-time":"2017-05-05T00:10:18Z","timestamp":1493943018000},"page":"897-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Are targeted therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy on the horizon?"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Mitchel","family":"Tate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David\u00a0J.","family":"Grieve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5HN, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca\u00a0H.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (Central Clinical School), Monash University, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113010512926100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706245","article-title":"Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type\u00a02 diabetes","volume":"358","author":"Gaede","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(79)80004-1","article-title":"Myocardial dysfunction without coronary artery disease in diabetic renal failure","volume":"43","author":"D'Elia","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108843","article-title":"Evidence for cardiomyopathy in familial diabetes mellitus","volume":"60","author":"Regan","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(74)90089-7","article-title":"Role of diabetes in congestive heart failure: The Framingham Study","volume":"34","author":"Kannel","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(72)90595-4","article-title":"New type\u00a0of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetic glomerulosclerosis","volume":"30","author":"Rubler","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp055","article-title":"Risks of cardiovascular events and effects of routine blood pressure lowering among patients with type\u00a02 diabetes and atrial fibrillation: Results of the ADVANCE study","volume":"30","author":"Du","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn153","article-title":"Impact of diabetes on outcomes in patients with low and preserved ejection fraction heart failure: an analysis of the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme","volume":"29","author":"MacDonald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12673","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: a clinical entity or a cluster of molecular heart changes? Eur","volume":"46","author":"Mizamtsidi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01685.x","article-title":"Early detection of diabetic cardiomyopathy: usefulness of tissue Doppler imaging","volume":"22","author":"Di Bonito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.46.1.32","article-title":"Collagen remodelling in myocardia of patients with diabetes","volume":"46","author":"Shimizu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.01.003","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and new treatment strategies targeting antioxidant signaling pathways","volume":"142","author":"Huynh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2012.06.007","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: bench to bedside","volume":"8","author":"Schilling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Clin."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12943","article-title":"Selective targeting of glucagon-like peptide-1 signalling as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease in diabetes","volume":"172","author":"Tate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(84)80307-X","article-title":"Pathomorphologic aspects of muscular tissue in diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Fischer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.3.848","article-title":"A comparison of the pathological spectrum of hypertensive, diabetic, and hypertensive-diabetic heart disease","volume":"82","author":"van Hoeven","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.12.011","article-title":"Diabetes-associated cardiac fibrosis: cellular effectors, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"90","author":"Russo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.8.899","article-title":"Alteration in left ventricular diastolic filling and accumulation of myocardial collagen at insulin-resistant prediabetic stage of a type\u00a0II diabetic rat model","volume":"101","author":"Mizushige","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.03.009","article-title":"Oxidative stress and fibrosis in incipient myocardial dysfunction in type\u00a02 diabetic patients","volume":"101","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-V\u00edlchez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2007.00803.x","article-title":"Diastolic dysfunction and abnormalities of the microcirculation in type\u00a02 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Brooks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.07.111","article-title":"Flow mediated dilatation and cardiac function in type\u00a01 diabetes mellitus","volume":"97","author":"Shivalkar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.1.5","article-title":"Diastolic dysfunction in normotensive men with well-controlled type\u00a02 diabetes: importance of maneuvers in echocardiographic screening for preclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"24","author":"Poirier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.033","article-title":"Diastolic dysfunction and diabetic cardiomyopathy: evaluation by Doppler echocardiography","volume":"48","author":"Galderisi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000064682","article-title":"Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as an early manifestation of diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"98","author":"Schannwell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01230-X","article-title":"The impact of diabetes on left ventricular filling pattern in normotensive and hypertensive adults: the Strong Heart Study","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.08.061","article-title":"Paradoxical increase in ventricular torsion and systolic torsion rate in type\u00a0I diabetic patients under tight glycemic control","volume":"47","author":"Chung","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S11681","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: from the pathophysiology of the cardiac myocytes to current diagnosis and management strategies","volume":"6","author":"Voulgari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk Manag."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1163","article-title":"Contributions of inflammation and cardiac matrix metalloproteinase activity to cardiac failure in diabetic cardiomyopathy: the role of angiotensin type\u00a01 receptor antagonism","volume":"56","author":"Westermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-008-0715-2","article-title":"Reduced MMP-2 activity contributes to cardiac fibrosis in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"103","author":"van Linthout","year":"2008","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1543","article-title":"Serum levels of advanced glycation end products are increased in patients with type\u00a02 diabetes and coronary heart disease","volume":"22","author":"Kilhovd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000065620.39919.20","article-title":"A breaker of advanced glycation end products attenuates diabetes-induced myocardial structural changes","volume":"92","author":"Candido","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2010.04.004","article-title":"Methylglyoxal-modified collagen promotes myofibroblast differentiation","volume":"29","author":"Yuen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20140683","article-title":"The role of methylglyoxal and the glyoxalase system in diabetes and other age-related diseases","volume":"128","author":"Maessen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2919-8","article-title":"The methylglyoxal-derived AGE tetrahydropyrimidine is increased in plasma of individuals with type\u00a01 diabetes mellitus and in atherosclerotic lesions and is associated with sVCAM-1","volume":"56","author":"van Eupen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.1.198","article-title":"Metformin reduces systemic methylglyoxal levels in type\u00a02 diabetes","volume":"48","author":"Beisswenger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B35","first-page":"853","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus","volume":"3","author":"Hadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk. Manag."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0568","article-title":"Methylglyoxal-induced endothelial cell loss and inflammation contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"65","author":"Vulesevic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1677-0","article-title":"Hyperglycaemia-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in rat mesenteric arteries is mediated by intracellular methylglyoxal levels in a pathway dependent on oxidative stress","volume":"53","author":"Brouwers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2013-0095","article-title":"Methylglyoxal causes endothelial dysfunction: the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and AMP-activated protein kinase \u03b1","volume":"25","author":"Turkseven","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.847731","article-title":"Cell communications in the heart","volume":"122","author":"Tirziu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680500301607","article-title":"Noninvasive characterization of myocardial blood flow in diabetic, hypertensive, and diabetic-hypertensive rats using spin-labeling MRI","volume":"12","author":"Iltis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3213","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.679597","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy revisited","volume":"115","author":"Boudina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1192","article-title":"Location of arterial stiffening differs in those with impaired fasting glucose versus diabetes: implications for left ventricular hypertrophy from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"58","author":"Rerkpattanapipat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.12.1123","article-title":"Myocardial cell death in human diabetes","volume":"87","author":"Frustaci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.903450","article-title":"Vitamin B1 analog benfotiamine prevents diabetes-induced diastolic dysfunction and heart failure through Akt\/Pim-1-mediated survival pathway","volume":"3","author":"Katare","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20030153","article-title":"Relationship between longitudinal and radial contractility in subclinical diabetic heart disease","volume":"106","author":"Fang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.09.007","article-title":"Impaired myocardial radial function in asymptomatic patients with type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus: a speckle-tracking imaging study","volume":"23","author":"Ernande","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn596","article-title":"Tissue Doppler echocardiography in persons with hypertension, diabetes, or ischaemic heart disease: The Copenhagen City Heart Study","volume":"30","author":"Mogelvang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00312-9","article-title":"Impact of blood pressure and insulin on the relationship between body fat and left ventricular structure","volume":"24","author":"Karason","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp396","article-title":"Abnormal myocardial insulin signalling in type\u00a02 diabetes and left-ventricular dysfunction","volume":"31","author":"Cook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0213946","article-title":"Insulin signaling coordinately regulates cardiac size, metabolism, and contractile protein isoform expression","volume":"109","author":"Belke","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.12.048","article-title":"Novel metabolic risk factors for incident heart failure and their relationship with obesity. The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) Study","volume":"51","author":"Bahrami","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2008.05.006","article-title":"Role of resistin in cardiac contractility and hypertrophy","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000140766.52771.6D","article-title":"Leptin induces hypertrophy via endothelin-1-reactive oxygen species pathway in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes","volume":"110","author":"Xu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000083716.82622.FD","article-title":"Disruption of leptin signaling contributes to cardiac hypertrophy independently of body weight in mice","volume":"108","author":"Barouch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.938217","article-title":"Endothelial cell-derived endothelin-1 promotes cardiac fibrosis in diabetic hearts through stimulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"121","author":"Widyantoro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.021","article-title":"Targeting the upregulation of reactive oxygen species subsequent to hyperglycemia prevents type\u00a01 diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice","volume":"60","author":"Huynh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.12.059","article-title":"Diabetes increases apoptosis and necrosis in both ischemic and nonischemic human myocardium: role of caspases and poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase","volume":"134","author":"Chowdhry","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2109","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00157.2009","article-title":"Myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis, but not inflammation, are present in long-term experimental diabetes","volume":"297","author":"Ares-Carrasco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780057","article-title":"Myocyte death in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats in angiotensin II- dependent","volume":"80","author":"Fiordaliso","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.6.1938","article-title":"Hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis in mouse myocardium: mitochondrial cytochrome C-mediated caspase-3 activation pathway","volume":"51","author":"Cai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1572-7","article-title":"Antioxidative treatment prevents activation of death-receptor- and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in the hearts of diabetic rats","volume":"47","author":"Bojunga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.10047FP","article-title":"14-3-3 protein protects against cardiac endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and ERS-initiated apoptosis in experimental diabetes","volume":"113","author":"Sari","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.6.1414","article-title":"IGF-1 overexpression inhibits the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress","volume":"50","author":"Kajstura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.07.062","article-title":"Myocardial steatosis is an independent predictor of diastolic dysfunction in type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus","volume":"52","author":"Rijzewijk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14890","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M010286200","article-title":"Palmitate-induced apoptosis can occur through a ceramide-independent pathway","volume":"276","author":"Listenberger","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7446","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M806209200","article-title":"The non-coding RNA gadd7 is a regulator of lipid-induced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"284","author":"Brookheart","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.04.009","article-title":"Small nucleolar RNAs U32a, U33, and U35a are critical mediators of metabolic stress","volume":"14","author":"Michel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI40905","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3-induced cardiolipotoxicity in mice is ameliorated by PPAR\u03b1 deficiency despite increases in fatty acid oxidation","volume":"120","author":"Son","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.03.062","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid prevents lipotoxic cardiomyopathy in acyl CoA-synthase transgenic mice","volume":"344","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13624","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405499101","article-title":"Hyperleptinemia prevents lipotoxic cardiomyopathy in acyl CoA synthase transgenic mice","volume":"101","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.05.033","article-title":"Epigenetics and diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"94","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05913","article-title":"Perceptions of epigenetics","volume":"447","author":"Bird","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6953","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006953","article-title":"Insulin gene expression is regulated by DNA methylation","volume":"4","author":"Kuroda","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0916-5","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of PPARGC1A in human type\u00a02 diabetic islets and effect on insulin secretion","volume":"51","author":"Ling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01121.x","article-title":"Pdx1 and other factors that regulate pancreatic beta-cell survival","volume":"11","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R33","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7449","article-title":"Missense mutations in the insulin promoter factor-1 gene predispose to type\u00a02 diabetes","volume":"104","author":"Macfarlane","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-010-9281-5","article-title":"Elevated expression of liver X receptor alpha (LXR\u03b1) in myocardium of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"34","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181b4a854","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha decreases sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase expressions via the promoter methylation in cardiomyocytes","volume":"38","author":"Kao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-001-0146-y","article-title":"Early molecular events in the development of the diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"23","author":"M\u00f6nkemann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090528","article-title":"Renal failure increases cardiac histone h3 acetylation, dimethylation, and phosphorylation and the induction of cardiomyopathy-related genes in type\u00a02 diabetes","volume":"176","author":"Gaikwad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2007.05.016","article-title":"Histone deacetylase 4 is required for TGFbeta1-induced myofibroblastic differentiation","volume":"1773","author":"Glenisson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602837","article-title":"DNA methylation-associated inactivation of TGFbeta-related genes DRM\/Gremlin, RUNX3, and HPP1\u00a0in human cancers","volume":"93","author":"Suzuki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21948","article-title":"Association between enhanced type\u00a0I collagen expression and epigenetic repression of the FLI1 gene in scleroderma fibroblasts","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050384","article-title":"Loss of expression of type\u00a0IV collagen alpha5 and alpha6 chains in colorectal cancer associated with the hypermethylation of their promoter region","volume":"168","author":"Ikeda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.100011","article-title":"Epigenetic repression of matrix metalloproteinases in myofibroblastic hepatic stellate cells through histone deacetylases 4: implication in tissue fibrosis","volume":"177","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2010.10.009","article-title":"Inhibition of p300-HAT results in a reduced histone acetylation and down-regulation of gene expression in cardiac myocytes","volume":"87","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0843","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase regulates GLUT4 transcription by phosphorylating histone deacetylase 5","volume":"57","author":"McGee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2211","article-title":"Obesity-induced overexpression of miRNA-143 inhibits insulin-stimulated AKT activation and impairs glucose metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Jordan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2539-8","article-title":"Downregulation of miR-181a upregulates sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and improves hepatic insulin sensitivity","volume":"55","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10112","article-title":"MicroRNAs 103 and 107 regulate insulin sensitivity","volume":"474","author":"Trajkovski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B91","first-page":"633","article-title":"Differentially expressed microRNAs and their target genes in the hearts of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice","volume":"4","author":"Diao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.687947","article-title":"MicroRNAs in the human heart: a clue to fetal gene reprogramming in heart failure","volume":"116","author":"Thum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07511","article-title":"MicroRNA-21 contributes to myocardial disease by stimulating MAP kinase signalling in fibroblasts","volume":"456","author":"Thum","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20070211","article-title":"MicroRNAs: role in cardiovascular biology and disease","volume":"114","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv599","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling unveils hyperglycaemic memory in the diabetic heart","volume":"37","author":"Costantino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.09.025","article-title":"Glucose induces apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via microRNA-1 and IGF-1","volume":"376","author":"Yu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.239111","article-title":"Intravenous gene therapy with PIM-1 via a cardiotropic viral vector halts the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy through promotion of prosurvival signaling","volume":"108","author":"Katare","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12218","article-title":"Cardiac miR-133a overexpression prevents early cardiac fibrosis in diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4103\/2395-5414.191519","article-title":"Epigenetic role of micrornas in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"2","author":"Raut","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pract. Cardiovasc. Sci."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00417","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20160346","article-title":"MicroRNA-9 inhibits high glucose-induced proliferation, differentiation and collagen accumulation of cardiac fibroblasts by down-regulation of TGFBR2","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.182535","article-title":"MiR-133 and miR-30 regulate connective tissue growth factor: implications for a role of micrornas in myocardial matrix remodeling","volume":"104","author":"Duisters","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1033","article-title":"miR-200b mediates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"65","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3622-8","article-title":"Silencing of miR-195 reduces diabetic cardiomyopathy in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"58","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49077","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049077","article-title":"Gadd45\u03b1: a novel diabetes-associated gene potentially linking diabetic cardiomyopathy and baroreflex dysfunction","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.304707","article-title":"MicroRNA-451 exacerbates lipotoxicity in cardiac myocytes and high-fat diet-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice through suppression of the LKB1\/AMPK pathway","volume":"116","author":"Kuwabara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-016-2729-7","article-title":"miR-30c and miR-181a synergistically modulate p53-p21 pathway in diabetes induced cardiac hypertrophy","volume":"417","author":"Raut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.02.065","article-title":"MicroRNA-9 inhibits hyperglycemia-induced pyroptosis in human ventricular cardiomyocytes by targeting ELAVL1","volume":"471","author":"Jeyabal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.06.051","article-title":"miR-483-3p regulates hyperglycaemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in transgenic mice","volume":"477","author":"Qiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.59.1.8","article-title":"Diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: the Framingham Study","volume":"59","author":"Kannel","year":"1979","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.4.597","article-title":"Outcome results of the Fosinopril Versus Amlodipine Cardiovascular Events Randomized Trial (FACET) in patients with hypertension and NIDDM","volume":"21","author":"Tatti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S61438","article-title":"Importance of cardiovascular disease risk management in patients with type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus","volume":"7","author":"Lorber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32835d2c6c","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies to improve control of hypertension","volume":"31","author":"Armario","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hypertens"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.44","article-title":"The pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with obesity","volume":"10","author":"DeMarco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.22.2668","article-title":"Glycemic control and heart failure among adult patients with diabetes","volume":"103","author":"Iribarren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.19.2271","article-title":"Impact of diabetes on cardiac structure and function: the strong heart study","volume":"101","author":"Devereux","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00540705","article-title":"Heart failure and nephropathy: catastrophic and interrelated complications of diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Gilbert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1157-y","article-title":"American Diabetes Association, European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Medical management of hyperglycaemia in type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes","volume":"52","author":"Nathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.020842","article-title":"Augmented metabolic control improves myocardial diastolic function and perfusion in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes","volume":"90","author":"von Bibra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806470","article-title":"10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type\u00a02 diabetes","volume":"359","author":"Holman","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-s203","article-title":"The ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) Lipid trial: what we learn from subgroup analyses","volume":"34","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808431","article-title":"Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type\u00a02 diabetes","volume":"360","author":"Duckworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.20","article-title":"Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus","volume":"169","author":"Kooy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.10.2345","article-title":"Improved clinical outcomes associated with metformin in patients with diabetes and heart failure","volume":"28","author":"Eurich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.5.1507","article-title":"Rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3, inhibits the Jun NH 2-terminal kinase\/activating protein 1 pathway and protects the heart from ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"51","author":"Khandoudi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4601.099403","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo myocardial protection from ischemia\/reperfusion injury by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist rosiglitazone","volume":"104","author":"Yue","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.10.1189","article-title":"Long-term risk of cardiovascular events with rosiglitazone: a meta-analysis","volume":"298","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Ass."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072761","article-title":"Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes","volume":"356","author":"Nissen","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1868","article-title":"Effects of ramipril and rosiglitazone on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in people with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: results of the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) trial","volume":"31","author":"Dagenais","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60953-3","article-title":"Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type\u00a02 diabetes (RECORD): a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial","volume":"373","author":"Home","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066224","article-title":"Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy","volume":"355","author":"Kahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2272","article-title":"Impact of oral antihyperglycemic therapy on all-cause mortality among patients with diabetes in the Veterans Health Administration","volume":"30","author":"Kahler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/61.4.390","article-title":"Prevalence of edema in patients receiving combination therapy with insulin and thiazolidinedione","volume":"61","author":"King","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Pharm."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1278","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones expand body fluid volume through PPARgamma stimulation of ENaC-mediated renal salt absorption","volume":"11","author":"Guan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2006.12.021","article-title":"Sulfonylurea and glinide reduce insulin content, functional expression of K(ATP) channels, and accelerate apoptotic beta-cell death in the chronic phase","volume":"77","author":"Takahashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60426-6","article-title":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type\u00a02 diabetes (UKPDS 33)","volume":"352","author":"Turner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.11.2597","article-title":"Induction of long-term glycemic control in newly diagnosed type\u00a02 diabetic patients is associated with improvement of beta-cell function","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S26889","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin analogs in special populations with type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus","volume":"4","author":"Morello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.13.1457","article-title":"Implications of diabetes in patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"164","author":"Franklin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.08.050","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus: the major risk factor in unstable coronary artery disease even after consideration of the extent of coronary artery disease and benefits of revascularization","volume":"43","author":"Norhammar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl001","article-title":"Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: Executive summary\u2013The Task Force on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"27","author":"Fox","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001203420301","article-title":"Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators","volume":"342","author":"Yusuf","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi225","article-title":"The effect of perindopril on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the EUROPA study: Results from the PERSUADE substudy","volume":"26","author":"Daly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Heart. J."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.09.115","article-title":"Role of angiotensin receptor blockers in diabetes: implications of recent clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"McFarlane","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61236-2","article-title":"Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (the ONTARGET study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"372","author":"Mann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.5.624","article-title":"Heart rate in relation to insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in nondiabetic subjects","volume":"23","author":"Festa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059591","article-title":"Diabetic patients and beta-blockers after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"11","author":"Kjekshus","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059505","article-title":"Effects of metoprolol on mortality and late infarction in diabetics with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Retrospective data from two large studies","volume":"10","author":"Malmberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur. Heart. J."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00262-6","article-title":"Efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers in the management of left ventricular systolic dysfunction according to race, gender, and diabetic status: a meta-analysis of major clinical trials","volume":"41","author":"Shekelle","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/sul010","article-title":"Beta-blockade in CHF: from contraindication to indication","volume":"8","author":"Funck-Brentano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.7.936","article-title":"Beneficial effects of verapamil in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"37","author":"Afzal","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0955","article-title":"Preventing \u03b2-cell loss and diabetes with calcium channel blockers","volume":"61","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S49767","article-title":"Effect of calcium channel blockers on incidence of diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Noto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.24.1955","article-title":"Fasting insulin and apolipoprotein b levels and low-density lipoprotein particle size as risk factors for ischemic heart disease","volume":"279","author":"Lamarche","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67394-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins","volume":"366","author":"Baigent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60104-X","article-title":"Collaborators. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18 686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis","volume":"371","author":"Cholesterol Treatment Trialists\u2019 (CTT)","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0719-8","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin improve left ventricular function in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"50","author":"Van Linthout","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B157","first-page":"89","article-title":"Fluvastatin attenuates myocardial interstitial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats by inhibiting over-expression of connective tissue growth factor","volume":"124","author":"Dai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. (Engl.)"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00376.x","article-title":"Emerging cardiovascular actions of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1: potential therapeutic benefits beyond glycaemic control","volume":"157","author":"Grieve","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.01.003","article-title":"Exendin-4 has an anti-hypertensive effect in salt-sensitive mice model","volume":"380","author":"Hirata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-2124","article-title":"LEAD-4 Study Investigators. Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type\u00a02 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD)","volume":"32","author":"Zinman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1355","article-title":"LEAD-2 Study Group. Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type\u00a02 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study","volume":"32","author":"Nauck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.10.033","article-title":"Exenatide reduces infarct size and improves cardiac function in a porcine model of ischemia and reperfusion injury","volume":"53","author":"Timmers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-005-6892-4","article-title":"Glucagon like peptide-1 is protective against myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury when given either as a preconditioning mimetic or at reperfusion in an isolated rat heart model","volume":"19","author":"Bose","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E630","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00109.2014","article-title":"Stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor through exendin-4 preserves myocardial performance and prevents cardiac remodeling in infarcted myocardium","volume":"307","author":"DeNicola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-9-76","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 and the exenatide analogue AC3174 improve cardiac function, cardiac remodeling, and survival in rats with chronic heart failure","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3171-6","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"57","author":"Bugger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-015-0476-7","article-title":"Exendin-4 protects against post-myocardial infarction remodelling via specific actions on inflammation and the extracellular matrix","volume":"110","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C508","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00248.2012","article-title":"Exendin-4 attenuates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of SERCA2a","volume":"304","author":"Younce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1025","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 protects against cardiac microvascular injury in diabetes via a cAMP\/PKA\/Rho-dependent mechanism","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.096479","article-title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 modulates left ventricular dysfunction in chronic heart failure via angiogenesis-dependent and -independent actions","volume":"126","author":"Shigeta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1193","article-title":"GLP-1R agonist liraglutide activates cytoprotective pathways and improves outcomes after experimental myocardial infarction in mice","volume":"58","author":"Noyan-Ashraf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H131","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00609.2012","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase-3 inhibition augments the myocardial infarct size-limiting effects of exenatide in mice with type\u00a02 diabetes","volume":"304","author":"Ye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12044","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and glycemic control in type\u00a02 diabetes: now that the dust is settling from large clinical trials","volume":"1281","author":"Giorgino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0386-5","article-title":"Metabolically-inactive glucagon-like peptide-1(9-36)amide confers selective protective actions against post-myocardial infarction remodelling","volume":"15","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.739938","article-title":"Cardioprotective and vasodilatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor are mediated through both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent and -independent pathways","volume":"117","author":"Ban","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0084","article-title":"GLP-1 cleavage product reverses persistent ros generation after transient hyperglycemia by disrupting an ros-generating feedback loop","volume":"64","author":"Giacco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B177","first-page":"e78330","article-title":"Sitagliptin reduces cardiac apoptosis, hypertrophy and fibrosis primarily by insulin-dependent mechanisms in experimental type-II diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Picatoste","year":"2013","journal-title":"Potential roles of GLP-1 isoforms. PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000139339.85840.DD","article-title":"Recombinant glucagon-like peptide-1 increases myocardial glucose uptake and improves left ventricular performance in conscious dogs with pacing-induced dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"110","author":"Nikolaidis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr309","article-title":"Exenatide reduces reperfusion injury in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"33","author":"L\u00f8nborg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307684","article-title":"Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus","volume":"369","author":"Scirica","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305889","article-title":"Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type\u00a02 diabetes","volume":"369","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type\u00a02 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.12.031","article-title":"Glucose control by the kidney: an emerging target in diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Marsenic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","article-title":"Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type\u00a02 diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.04.001","article-title":"Hyperglycemia promotes myelopoiesis and impairs the resolution of atherosclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Nagareddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.05.014","article-title":"Effects of SGLT2 selective inhibitor ipragliflozin on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and obesity in type\u00a02 diabetic mice","volume":"715","author":"Tahara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54442","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054442","article-title":"Effects of SGLT2 inhibition in human kidney proximal tubular cells\u2013renoprotection in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"8","author":"Panchapakesan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542042","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/542042","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibition prevents oxidative stress in the kidney of diabetic rats","volume":"2012","author":"Osorio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000500004.26187.fe","article-title":"Empagliflozin exerts cardio- and nephro- protective effects in Cohen-Rosenthal diabetic hypertensive rats","volume":"34","author":"Abassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hypertens"},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00426-X","article-title":"Understanding EMPA-REG OUTCOME","volume":"3","author":"Ceriello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"2021113010512926100_B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.04.005","article-title":"Effects of oral hypoglycemic agents on platelet function","volume":"29","author":"Papazafiropoulou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complicat."}],"container-title":["Clinical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/131\/10\/897\/448803\/cs1310897.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/131\/10\/897\/448803\/cs1310897.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T11:40:55Z","timestamp":1638272455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article\/131\/10\/897\/71620\/Are-targeted-therapies-for-diabetic-cardiomyopathy"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]]},"references-count":191,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs20160491","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-5221","1470-8736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-5221","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-8736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]]}}}