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There are two main clinical syndromes of VCI: post-stroke VCI in which cognitive impairment is the immediate consequence of a recent stroke and VCI without recent stroke in which cognitive impairment is the result of covert vascular brain injury detected only on neuroimaging or neuropathology. VCI is a syndrome that can result from any cause of infarction, hemorrhage, large artery disease, cardioembolism, small vessel disease, or other cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases. Secondary prevention of further vascular brain injury may improve outcomes in VCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20160607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T20:30:18Z","timestamp":1495053018000},"page":"1059-1068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"title":["Clinical presentations and epidemiology of vascular dementia"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Eric\u00a0E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Room 2941, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB Canada T2N 2T9"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113010505811600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000271090.28148.24","article-title":"Mixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in community-dwelling older persons","volume":"69","author":"Schneider","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2021113010505811600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70040-1","article-title":"Vascular cognitive impairment: current concepts and clinical developments","volume":"7","author":"Moorhouse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2021113010505811600_B3","first-page":"490","article-title":"Vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"22","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"2021113010505811600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8","article-title":"Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration","volume":"12","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2021113010505811600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000034","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for vascular cognitive disorders: a VASCOG Statement","volume":"28","author":"Sachdev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. 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