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This review focusses on the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the kidney and renal outcome: it briefly outlines renal glucose handling in diabetes and its role in glomerular hyperfiltration and renal hypoxia; describes how SGLT2 inhibitors induce an early, reversible reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and preserve GFR in the long-term in patients with T2DM; discusses whether the enhanced active transport in the renal outer medulla (OM) in response to SGLT2 inhibition is friend or foe; proposes how the blood pressure lowering and heart failure protective effect of SGLT2 inhibitors can be preserved in chronic kidney disease (CKD) despite attenuated antihyperglycemic effects; and examines whether SGLT2 inhibition enhances the incidence or severity of acute kidney injury (AKI).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20171298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T13:05:31Z","timestamp":1530191131000},"page":"1329-1339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["SGLT2 inhibition and kidney protection"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Josselin","family":"Nespoux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A."},{"name":"Nephrology Research, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Vallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A."},{"name":"Nephrology Research, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113011021426300_B1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2017","edition":"8th"},{"key":"2021113011021426300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1170","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"20","author":"Seferovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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