{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:17:00Z","timestamp":1787170620999,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Several diseases have been linked to particulate matter (PM) exposure. Outdoor activities, such as road running or jogging, are popular aerobic exercises due to few participatory limitations. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease, usually observed at age 40, and not noticed before pain or diagnosis. Although exercise has health benefits, it is unclear whether outdoor jogging in higher PM (standard reference material 1649b, SRM 1649b) concentration environments could affect OA development or severity. Hence, a PM exposure monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA animal jogged model was established for investigation. Results showed that high doses of PM (5 mg) significantly increased pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, and IL-6, and M1 macrophages in the lung region, also obtained in systemic IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 expressions in this MIA-OA rat model. Moreover, levels of osteocalcin, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and N-telopeptides of type I collagen were especially influenced in MIA+PM groups. Morphological and structural changes of the knee joint were detected by micro-computed tomography images (micro-CT) and immunohistochemistry. MIA + PM rats exhibited severe bone density decrease, cartilage wear, and structure damages, accompanied by lower levels of physical activity, than the sham group and groups receiving MIA or PM alone. The findings suggest that the severity of OA could be promoted by PM exposure with a PM concentration effect via systemic inflammatory mechanisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide direct effects of PM exposure on OA severity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20190458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T06:32:09Z","timestamp":1571380329000},"page":"2171-2187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Particulate matter exposure aggravates osteoarthritis severity"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Kuo-Ti","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao-Chang","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Hsien","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Nung","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pey-Jium","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, Republic of China"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4989-8440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiang-Wen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan, Republic of China"},{"name":"Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113012324373700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.10.016","article-title":"Review on recent progress in observations, source identifications and countermeasures of PM2.5","volume":"86","author":"Liang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. 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