{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:27:54Z","timestamp":1791952074635,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":297,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Dietary habits in the western world lead to increasing phosphate intake. Under physiological conditions, extraosseous precipitation of phosphate with calcium is prevented by a mineral buffering system composed of calcification inhibitors and tight control of serum phosphate levels. The coordinated hormonal regulation of serum phosphate involves fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), \u03b1Klotho, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol. A severe derangement of phosphate homeostasis is observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a patient collective with extremely high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Higher phosphate levels in serum have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in CKD patients, but also in the general population. The causal connections between phosphate and CVD are currently incompletely understood. An assumed link between phosphate and cardiovascular risk is the development of medial vascular calcification, a process actively promoted and regulated by a complex mechanistic interplay involving activation of pro-inflammatory signalling. Emerging evidence indicates a link between disturbances in phosphate homeostasis and inflammation. The present review focuses on critical interactions of phosphate homeostasis, inflammation, vascular calcification and CVD. Especially, pro-inflammatory responses mediating hyperphosphatemia-related development of vascular calcification as well as FGF23 as a critical factor in the interplay between inflammation and cardiovascular alterations, beyond its phosphaturic effects, are addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20190895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T21:31:05Z","timestamp":1610573465000},"page":"201-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Inflammation: a putative link between phosphate metabolism and cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Jakob","family":"Voelkl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz 4040, Austria"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin 13347, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Egli-Spichtig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Switzerland and Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Alesutan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz 4040, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten\u00a0A.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Switzerland and Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113011185280400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c170024","article-title":"Mechanisms and regulation of intestinal phosphate absorption","volume":"8","author":"Hernando","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr. 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