{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:08:20Z","timestamp":1787004500611,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Purpose: Elevated blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, its pathogenic role in DR remains unknown. The present study aims to investigate the potential role of CRP in DR pathogenesis and explore its underlying mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Materials and methods: Human CRP transgenic (hCRP-Tg) rats were employed for streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) models. The retina function was monitored by electroretinography (ERG) and retinal thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). TUNEL and cell death ELISA were performed to measure the apoptosis. Oxidative stress was detected by the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and 3-Nitrotyrosine staining in tissue sections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: In non-diabetic condition, hCRP-Tg with elevated hCRP levels in the retinas demonstrated declined ERG responses and decreased retinal thickness. In STZ-induced diabetic condition, overexpression of hCRP deteriorated retinal neurodegeneration as shown by ERG and apoptosis assays. hCRP also exacerbated retinal leukostasis and acellular capillary formation induced by diabetes. In the OIR model, overexpression of hCRP exacerbated retinal neovascularization (NV). In retinal cell lines, hCRP treatment induced cell death and over-production of ROS. Furthermore, hCRP-induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidative, and pro-angiogenic factors was associated with up-regulation of CD32 and the NF-\u03baB signaling in the retinas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Elevated hCRP levels play a pathogenic role in DR. Targeting the hCRP-CD32-NF-\u03baB pathway may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for DR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20200085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T05:49:36Z","timestamp":1593496176000},"page":"1613-1629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Pathogenic role of human C-reactive protein in diabetic retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Hwa","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianglei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A."},{"name":"Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8815-1716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-Xing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113011133385800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62124-3","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy","volume":"376","author":"Cheung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021113011133385800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93751","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy: current understanding, mechanisms, and treatment strategies","volume":"2","author":"Duh","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2021113011133385800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1420","article-title":"Muller cell-derived VEGF is essential for diabetes-induced retinal inflammation and vascular leakage","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2021113011133385800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.08.001","article-title":"The progress in understanding and treatment of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"51","author":"Stitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. 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