{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:43:33Z","timestamp":1791726213334,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background Previous studies have shown that the gut microbiome is associated with thyroid diseases, including Graves\u2019 disease, Hashimoto's disease, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer. However, the association between intestinal flora and primary hypothyroidism remains elusive. We aimed to characterize gut microbiome in primary hypothyroidism patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods Fifty-two primary hypothyroidism patients and 40 healthy controls were recruited. The differences in gut microbiota between the two groups were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing technology. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed in mice using flora from both groups; changes in thyroid function were then assessed in the mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results There were significant differences in \u03b1 and \u03b2 diversities of gut microbiota between primary hypothyroidism patients and healthy individuals. The random forest analysis indicated that four intestinal bacteria (Veillonella, Paraprevotella, Neisseria, and Rheinheimera) could distinguish untreated primary hypothyroidism patients from healthy individuals with the highest accuracy; this was confirmed by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. The short chain fatty acid producing ability of the primary hypothyroidism patients\u2019 gut was significantly decreased, which resulted in the increased serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. The FMT showed that mice receiving the transplant from primary hypothyroidism patients displayed decreased total thyroxine levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions Our study suggests that primary hypothyroidism causes changes in gut microbiome. In turn, an altered flora can affect thyroid function in mice. These findings could help understand the development of primary hypothyroidism and might be further used to develop potential probiotics to facilitate the adjuvant treatment of this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20200475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T06:36:38Z","timestamp":1591770998000},"page":"1521-1535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Gut dysbiosis is associated with primary hypothyroidism with interaction on gut-thyroid axis"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Xinhuan","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6710-9471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University. Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0506-6557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shizhan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113011130338200_B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment for primary hypothyroidism: current approaches and future possibilities","volume":"6","author":"Chakera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Des. 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