{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T17:03:30Z","timestamp":1778778210261,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The emergency of SARS-CoV-2 in China started a novel challenge to the scientific community. As the virus turns pandemic, scientists try to map the cellular mechanisms and pathways of SARS-CoV-2 related to the pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). After transmembrane angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been found to be SARS-CoV-2 receptor, we hypothesized an immune-hematological mechanism for Covid-19 based on renin\u2013angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance to explain clinical, laboratory and imaging findings on disease course. We believe that exaggerated activation of ACE\/Angiotensin II (Ang II)\/Angiotensin Type 1 (AT1) receptor RAS axis in line with reduction of ACE2\/Angiotensin-(1-7)\/Mas receptor may exert a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Covid-19. In this perspective, we discuss potential mechanisms and evidence on this hypothesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20200492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T08:16:51Z","timestamp":1591604211000},"page":"1259-1264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Covid-19: the renin\u2013angiotensin system imbalance hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Lanza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas G.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa B.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thiago M.","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vitria A.","family":"Palmeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor T.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9222-3882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Sim\u00f5es e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113011125807800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200363","article-title":"ACE2 the Janus-faced protein \u2013 from cardiovascular protection to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and COVID-19","volume":"134","author":"Touyz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. 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