{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:51:40Z","timestamp":1792039900730,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy effecting \u223c5\u20138% of pregnancies in the United States, and \u223c8 million pregnancies worldwide. Preeclampsia is clinically diagnosed after the 20th week of gestation and is characterized by new onset hypertension accompanied by proteinuria and\/or thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, impaired liver function, pulmonary edema, or cerebral or visual symptoms. This broad definition emphasizes the heterogeneity of the clinical presentation of preeclampsia, but also underscores the role of the microvascular beds, specifically the renal, cerebral, and hepatic circulations, in the pathophysiology of the disease. While the diagnostic criteria for preeclampsia relies on the development of de novo hypertension and accompanying clinical symptoms after 20-week gestation, it is likely that subclinical dysfunction of the maternal microvascular beds occurs in parallel and may even precede the development of overt cardiovascular symptoms in these women. However, little is known about the physiology of the non-reproductive maternal microvascular beds during preeclampsia, and the mechanism(s) mediating microvascular dysfunction during preeclamptic pregnancy are largely unexplored in humans despite their integral role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the existing literature on maternal microvascular dysfunction during preeclamptic pregnancy by reviewing the functional evidence in humans, highlighting potential mechanisms, and providing recommendations for future work in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20200894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T10:38:44Z","timestamp":1620470324000},"page":"1083-1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Maternal microvascular dysfunction during preeclamptic pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Stanhewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, IA, U.S.A."},{"name":"Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, IA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia R.","family":"Nuckols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, IA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary L.","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, IA, U.S.A."},{"name":"Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, IA, U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Iowa, IA, U.S.A."},{"name":"Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, IA, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113011211351000_B1","first-page":"467","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"7","author":"Uzan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk Manag."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e237","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003891","article-title":"Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 222","volume":"135","author":"American College of O, Gynecologists\u2019 Committee on Practice B-O","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H661","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00202.2020","article-title":"Vascular mechanisms and molecular targets in hypertensive pregnancy and preeclampsia","volume":"319","author":"Qu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12508","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12508","article-title":"Molecular determinants of microvascular dysfunction in hypertensive pregnancy and preeclampsia","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S0002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.09.026","article-title":"Failure of physiological transformation and spiral artery atherosis: their roles in preeclampsia","author":"Staff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2019.07.004","article-title":"The two-stage placental model of preeclampsia: an update","volume":"134-135","author":"Staff","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3220-x","article-title":"Assessment of endothelial function in pregnant women with preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus by flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery","volume":"290","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2013.131","article-title":"Differences in vascular reactivity between pregnant women with chronic hypertension and preeclampsia","volume":"37","author":"Mori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B9","first-page":"307","article-title":"Flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery and endothelial dysfunction in pregnant women with preeclampsia: a case control study","volume":"67","author":"Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06554","article-title":"Impaired flow-mediated dilation before, during, and after preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Weissgerber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001599","article-title":"Flow-mediated dilation in brachial artery in the second half of pregnancy and prediction of pre-eclampsia","volume":"17","author":"Takase","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27442","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27442","article-title":"Joint effect of early microvascular damage in the eye & kidney on risk of cardiovascular events","volume":"6","author":"Yip","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00217.x","article-title":"Temporal relationships between hormonal and hemodynamic changes in early human pregnancy","volume":"54","author":"Chapman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B14","first-page":"97","article-title":"Analysis of maternal circulation and renal function in physiologic pregnancies; parallel examinations of the changes in the cardiac output and the glomerular filtration rate","volume":"9","author":"Varga","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Med."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34907-6","article-title":"PIERS proteinuria: relationship with adverse maternal and perinatal outcome","volume":"33","author":"Payne","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007020255","article-title":"The glomerular injury of preeclampsia","volume":"18","author":"Stillman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B17","first-page":"5129","article-title":"Antepartum or immediate postpartum renal biopsies in preeclampsia\/eclampsia of pregnancy: new morphologic and clinical findings","volume":"7","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2003.02162.x","article-title":"Glomerular endotheliosis in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia","volume":"110","author":"Strevens","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17423","article-title":"Glomerular-specific alterations of VEGF-A expression lead to distinct congenital and acquired renal diseases","volume":"111","author":"Eremina","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17189","article-title":"Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia","volume":"111","author":"Maynard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12605","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C300012200","article-title":"Neutralization of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by anti-VEGF antibodies and soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sFlt-1) induces proteinuria","volume":"278","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1429","article-title":"Soluble endoglin contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia","volume":"12","author":"Venkatesha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.141473","article-title":"Role of endothelin in mediating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1-induced hypertension in pregnant rats","volume":"55","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176973","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/176973","article-title":"Renal involvement in preeclampsia: similarities to VEGF ablation therapy","volume":"2011","author":"Muller-Deile","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pregnancy"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph0476","article-title":"Proteinuria in a patient receiving anti-VEGF therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Roncone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Nephrol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl565","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathy and anti-VEGF agents","volume":"22","author":"Izzedine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dialysis Transplant."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021491","article-title":"A randomized trial of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, for metastatic renal cancer","volume":"349","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-016-1323-3","article-title":"Renal Resistive Index: not only kidney","volume":"21","author":"Di Nicolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Nephrol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-015-0680-y","article-title":"Associations between increased renal resistive index and cardiovascular events","volume":"43","author":"Komuro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Ultrason."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.196717","article-title":"Renal resistive index and cardiovascular and renal outcomes in essential hypertension","volume":"60","author":"Doi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13410","article-title":"Renal resistive index in hypertensive patients","volume":"20","author":"Andrikou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01607-w","article-title":"Renal resistive index and long-term outcome in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"20","author":"Wybraniec","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpt233","article-title":"Examination of intrarenal resistance indices indicate the involvement of renal pathology as a significant diagnostic classifier of preeclampsia","volume":"27","author":"Bahser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-212","article-title":"Maternal venous hemodynamics in gestational hypertension and preeclampsia","volume":"14","author":"Gyselaers","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2004.23.12.1607","article-title":"Renal venous Doppler sonography in preeclampsia","volume":"23","author":"Bateman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13940","article-title":"Doppler parameters of renal hemodynamics in women with preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Bellos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.178.4.1780921","article-title":"Renal vein Doppler sonography of obstructive uropathy","volume":"178","author":"Bateman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B38","first-page":"TC13","article-title":"Renal venous doppler study in obstructive uropathy","volume":"9","author":"Vadana","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2004.23.7.929","article-title":"Doppler sonography of renal obstruction: value of venous impedance index measurements","volume":"23","author":"Oktar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7591","article-title":"Maternal renal interlobar vein impedance index is higher in early- than in late-onset pre-eclampsia","volume":"36","author":"Gyselaers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/10641950802233056","article-title":"Doppler measurement of renal interlobar vein impedance index in uncomplicated and preeclamptic pregnancies","volume":"28","author":"Gyselaers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertens. Pregnancy"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.13427","article-title":"Maternal venous Doppler characteristics are abnormal in pre-eclampsia but not in gestational hypertension","volume":"45","author":"Gyselaers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.08.008","article-title":"Is there a correlation between maternal venous hemodynamic dysfunction and proteinuria of preeclampsia?","volume":"181","author":"Mesens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007216","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007216","article-title":"A maternally sequestered, biopolymer-stabilized vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) chimera for treatment of preeclampsia","volume":"6","author":"Logue","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.3109\/1061186X.2014.950666","article-title":"A polypeptide drug carrier for maternal delivery and prevention of fetal exposure","volume":"22","author":"George","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13368","article-title":"Biopolymer-delivered, maternally sequestered NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB) inhibitory peptide for treatment of preeclampsia","volume":"75","author":"Eddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.08.022","article-title":"The epidemiology of liver diseases unique to pregnancy in a US Community: a population-based study","volume":"14","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/95.6.343","article-title":"Severe hepatic dysfunction in pregnancy","volume":"95","author":"Rahman","year":"2002","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2004.05.006","article-title":"Pregnancy-associated severe liver dysfunction","volume":"20","author":"Steingrub","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit. Care Clin."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.030","article-title":"Pregnancy and liver disease","volume":"64","author":"Westbrook","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2015.01.004","article-title":"Liver disease in pregnancy","volume":"54","author":"Shekhar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Taiwan J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4080","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.907723","article-title":"Liver disease during pregnancy: a challenging clinical issue","volume":"24","author":"Mikolasevic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G757","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00017.2004","article-title":"Rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cell phenotype is maintained by paracrine and autocrine regulation","volume":"287","author":"DeLeve","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S247","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181572357","article-title":"Vascular deterioration in cirrhosis: the big picture","volume":"41","author":"Bosch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.07.009","article-title":"Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells: Physiology and role in liver diseases","volume":"66","author":"Poisson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510240137","article-title":"Endothelin induced contractility of stellate cells from normal and cirrhotic rat liver: implications for regulation of portal pressure and resistance","volume":"24","author":"Rockey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.5922","article-title":"Functional significance of endothelin B receptors in mediating sinusoidal and extrasinusoidal effects of endothelins in the intact rat liver","volume":"31","author":"Bauer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270315","article-title":"Endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction causes a significant increase in portal pressure of rat liver: localized constrictive effect on the distal segment of preterminal portal venules as revealed by light and electron microscopy and serial reconstruction","volume":"27","author":"Kaneda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02181.x","article-title":"Vascular hyporesponsiveness to angiotensin II in rats with CCl(4)-induced liver cirrhosis","volume":"39","author":"Hennenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680600776278","article-title":"Differential effects of oxidative stress on hepatic endothelial and Kupffer cell eicosanoid release in response to endothelin-1","volume":"13","author":"Karaa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.149880","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase gene transfer reduces portal pressure in CCl4 cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension","volume":"58","author":"Lavina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02579.x","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in the regulation of cirrhosis and portal hypertension","volume":"32","author":"Iwakiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.268953","article-title":"Integrative regulation of human brain blood flow","volume":"592","author":"Willie","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09613","article-title":"Glial and neuronal control of brain blood flow","volume":"468","author":"Attwell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B65","first-page":"S61","article-title":"Myogenic mechanisms in the cerebral circulation","volume":"7","author":"Faraci","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Hypertens. Suppl."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.030","article-title":"Structure and function of the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"37","author":"Abbott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.9.1641","article-title":"Cerebral white matter is highly vulnerable to ischemia","volume":"27","author":"Pantoni","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B68","first-page":"104","article-title":"Changes in flow velocity, resistance indices, and cerebral perfusion pressure in the maternal middle cerebral artery distribution during normal pregnancy","volume":"80","author":"Belfort","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00820-2","article-title":"Maternal cerebral blood flow changes in pregnancy","volume":"189","author":"Zeeman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb14349.x","article-title":"Maternal middle cerebral artery velocimetry in normal pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"104","author":"Serra-Serra","year":"1997","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B71","first-page":"445","article-title":"Maternal middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity variation with gestational age","volume":"84","author":"Williams","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb09353.x","article-title":"A longitudinal study of maternal bloodflow in normal pregnancy and the puerperium: analysis of Doppler waveforms using Laplace transform techniques","volume":"105","author":"Brackley","year":"1998","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1856","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00919.2005","article-title":"Cerebrovascular response to normal pregnancy: a longitudinal study","volume":"290","author":"Bergersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19889089","article-title":"Longitudinal study of cerebral blood flow regulation during exercise in pregnancy","volume":"40","author":"Matenchuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/89.5.687","article-title":"Cerebral haemodynamics in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia as assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography","volume":"89","author":"Sherman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9672-6","article-title":"Transcranial Doppler pulsatility index: what it is and what it isn\u2019t","volume":"17","author":"de Riva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurocrit. Care"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1081\/PRG-100101995","article-title":"Evaluation of a noninvasive transcranial Doppler and blood pressure-based method for the assessment of cerebral perfusion pressure in pregnant women","volume":"19","author":"Belfort","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertens. Pregnancy"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000110250.48579.21","article-title":"Cerebrovascular hemodynamics in pregnant women with mild chronic hypertension","volume":"103","author":"Riskin-Mashiah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.127594","article-title":"Transcranial Doppler measurement of cerebral velocity indices as a predictor of preeclampsia","volume":"187","author":"Riskin-Mashiah","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200111000-00020","article-title":"Cerebrovascular reactivity in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia","volume":"98","author":"Riskin-Mashiah","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.765844","article-title":"Cerebro vascular reactivity (CVR) of middle cerebral artery in response to CO25% inhalation in preeclamptic women","volume":"26","author":"Sariri","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2019.01.009","article-title":"Alterations in transcranial Doppler indices of pregnant women with complicated preeclampsia","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349709034904","article-title":"Transcranial assessment of maternal cerebral blood flow velocity in patients with pre-eclampsia","volume":"76","author":"Ohno","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182a93fb5","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia","volume":"122","author":"van Veen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125241","article-title":"Cerebral perfusion pressure, and not cerebral blood flow, may be the critical determinant of intracranial injury in preeclampsia: a new hypothesis","volume":"187","author":"Belfort","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12358","article-title":"Cerebral perfusion pressure in women with preeclampsia is elevated even after treatment of elevated blood pressure","volume":"93","author":"Sonneveld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.1999.780705.x","article-title":"Preeclampsia may cause both overperfusion and underperfusion of the brain, A cerebral perfusion based model","volume":"78","author":"Belfort","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00010-2","article-title":"Dynamics of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in hypertensive patients","volume":"195","author":"Pavy-Le Traon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1995.06060411.x","article-title":"Cerebral hemodynamics in pre-eclampsia\/eclampsia syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Zunker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70261-9","article-title":"Effects of blood pressure on orbital and middle cerebral artery resistances in healthy pregnant women and women with preeclampsia","volume":"180","author":"Belfort","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.300","article-title":"The effect of isosorbide dinitrate, a donor of nitric oxide, on maternal cerebral blood flow in gestational hypertension and preeclampsia","volume":"188","author":"Nevo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.6.1014","article-title":"Comparison of static and dynamic cerebral autoregulation measurements","volume":"26","author":"Tiecks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.11.003","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation in different hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","volume":"212","author":"Van Veen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15626425","article-title":"Transfer function analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation: a white paper from the International Cerebral Autoregulation Research Network","volume":"36","author":"Claassen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2015.09.001","article-title":"Transfer function analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in preeclampsia","volume":"5","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1473","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.91008.2008","article-title":"Integration of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity and chemoreflex control of breathing: mechanisms of regulation, measurement, and interpretation","volume":"296","author":"Ainslie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00562.2014","article-title":"Effect of breath holding on cerebrovascular hemodynamics in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia","volume":"118","author":"van Veen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1054\/ijoa.2002.0950","article-title":"Breath holding test in preeclampsia: lack of evidence for altered cerebral vascular reactivity","volume":"11","author":"Zatik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Obstet. Anesth."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1856","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00014.2006","article-title":"Impaired cerebral CO2 vasoreactivity: association with endothelial dysfunction","volume":"291","author":"Lavi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.12.1607","article-title":"Association of maternal endothelial dysfunction with preeclampsia","volume":"285","author":"Chambers","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70104-6","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges","volume":"9","author":"Pantoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.12126","article-title":"Association between MRI exposure during pregnancy and fetal and childhood outcomes","volume":"316","author":"Ray","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200409000-00053","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnostic imaging during pregnancy","volume":"104","author":"Practice ACoO. ACOG Committee Opinion. Number 299, September 2004 (replaces no. 158, September 1995)","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.02.015","article-title":"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in 46 of 47 patients with eclampsia","volume":"208","author":"Brewer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B105","first-page":"1344","article-title":"MR angiography of cerebral vasospasm in preeclampsia","volume":"16","author":"Ito","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1159\/000120689","article-title":"Reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome followed by MR angiography-documented cerebral vasospasm in preeclampsia-eclampsia: report of 2 cases","volume":"25","author":"Tsukimori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03017-4","article-title":"Severe pre-eclamptic women with headache: is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome an associated concurrent finding?","volume":"20","author":"Chao","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.217.2.r00nv44371","article-title":"Preeclampsia-eclampsia: clinical and neuroradiographic correlates and insights into the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy","volume":"217","author":"Schwartz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2020.02.001","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase as a potential predictor of neurologic outcomes in cardiac arrest survivors who underwent target temperature management","volume":"57","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199203000-00015","article-title":"Evaluation of hypoxic brain injury with spinal fluid enzymes, lactate, and pyruvate","volume":"20","author":"K\u00e4rkel\u00e4","year":"1992","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0929","article-title":"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 2: controversies surrounding pathophysiology of vasogenic edema","volume":"29","author":"Bartynski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa142","article-title":"Preeclampsia and increased permeability over the blood brain barrier-a role of vascular endothelial growth receptor 2","volume":"34","author":"Bergman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.158931","article-title":"Plasma from preeclamptic women increases blood-brain barrier permeability: role of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling","volume":"56","author":"Amburgey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-222216","article-title":"Increased oxidized low-density lipoprotein causes blood-brain barrier disruption in early-onset preeclampsia through LOX-1","volume":"27","author":"Schreurs","year":"2013","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10314","article-title":"Neurofilament as neuronal injury blood marker in preeclampsia","volume":"71","author":"Evers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0246786","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246786","article-title":"Signs of neuroaxonal injury in preeclampsia\u2014a case control study","volume":"16","author":"Andersson","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12134","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12134","article-title":"Placental ischemia in pregnant rats impairs cerebral blood flow autoregulation and increases blood\u2013brain barrier permeability","volume":"2","author":"Warrington","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11770","article-title":"Hypertension, anxiety, and blood-brain barrier permeability are increased in postpartum severe preeclampsia\/hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome rats","volume":"72","author":"Wallace","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/10641955.2020.1833215","article-title":"Angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibody blockade improves cerebral blood flow autoregulation and hypertension in a preclinical model of preeclampsia","volume":"39","author":"Duncan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertens. Pregnancy"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-019-0275-1","article-title":"The angiotensin II type I receptor contributes to impaired cerebral blood flow autoregulation caused by placental ischemia in pregnant rats","volume":"10","author":"Warrington","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Sex Differ."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9090224","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow regulation in pregnancy, hypertension, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Jones-Muhammad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000519","article-title":"Cerebral oximetry assessed by near-infrared spectrometry during preeclampsia: an observational study impact of magnesium sulfate administration","volume":"42","author":"Guerci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70394-7","article-title":"Stimulated nitric oxide release and nitric oxide sensitivity in forearm arterial vasculature during normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancy","volume":"181","author":"Anumba","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70123-0","article-title":"Bradykinin-mediated relaxation of isolated maternal resistance arteries in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia","volume":"175","author":"Knock","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.30.2.247","article-title":"Flow-mediated vasodilatation is enhanced in normal pregnancy but reduced in preeclampsia","volume":"30","author":"Cockell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90389-Z","article-title":"Abnormal endothelial cell function of resistance arteries from women with preeclampsia","volume":"168","author":"McCarthy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H848","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1999.277.2.H848","article-title":"Nitric oxide activity in the peripheral vasculature during normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancy","volume":"277","author":"Anumba","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-007-0212-8","article-title":"The endothelial glycocalyx: composition, functions, and visualization","volume":"454","author":"Reitsma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e328321b587","article-title":"Endothelial glycocalyx as potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease","volume":"20","author":"Broekhuizen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H531","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00104.2018","article-title":"Advanced age results in a diminished endothelial glycocalyx","volume":"315","author":"Machin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170120","article-title":"Automated measurement of microvascular function reveals dysfunction in systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"44","author":"Machin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00919.2013","article-title":"Skeletal muscle capillary density and microvascular function are compromised with aging and type 2 diabetes","volume":"116","author":"Groen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011121181","article-title":"Damage of the endothelial glycocalyx in dialysis patients","volume":"23","author":"Vlahu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1023","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00162.2007","article-title":"Glycocalyx modulates the motility and proliferative response of vascular endothelium to fluid shear stress","volume":"293","author":"Yao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e136","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000101744.47866.D5","article-title":"Heparan sulfate proteoglycan is a mechanosensor on endothelial cells","volume":"93","author":"Florian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H168","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00132.2016","article-title":"The endothelial glycocalyx promotes homogenous blood flow distribution within the microvasculature","volume":"311","author":"McClatchey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2657","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00297.2005","article-title":"Microvascular blood viscosity in vivo and the endothelial surface layer","volume":"289","author":"Pries","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2019.04.011","article-title":"The role of the endothelial glycocalyx in advanced age and cardiovascular disease","volume":"45","author":"Machin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000065917.53950.75","article-title":"The endothelial glycocalyx protects against myocardial edema","volume":"92","author":"van den Berg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2019.11.016","article-title":"Endothelial glycocalyx impairment in disease: focus on hyaluronan shedding","volume":"190","author":"Dogne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00440.2007","article-title":"Measuring endothelial glycocalyx dimensions in humans: a potential novel tool to monitor vascular vulnerability","volume":"104","author":"Nieuwdorp","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96477","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096477","article-title":"Deeper penetration of erythrocytes into the endothelial glycocalyx is associated with impaired microvascular perfusion","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e010647","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010647","article-title":"Early onset preeclampsia is associated with glycocalyx degradation and reduced microvascular perfusion","volume":"8","author":"Weissgerber","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0157608","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157608","article-title":"Low soluble Syndecan-1 precedes preeclampsia","volume":"11","author":"Gandley","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2019.08.165","article-title":"Levels of syndecan-1 and hyaluronan in early- and late-onset preeclampsia","volume":"18","author":"Kornacki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-019-00032-5","article-title":"Evaluation of Syndecan-1 as a novel biomarker for adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Greeley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2019-0686","article-title":"Dynamics of soluble syndecan-1 in maternal serum during and after pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia: a nested case control study","volume":"58","author":"Kuessel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2020.104104","article-title":"Combined past preeclampsia and gestational diabetes is associated with a very high frequency of coronary microvascular dysfunction","volume":"134","author":"Kul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2014.08.012","article-title":"Impaired coronary microvascular function and increased intima-media thickness in preeclampsia","volume":"8","author":"Ciftci","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20407","article-title":"Reduced coronary flow velocity reserve in women with previous pre-eclampsia: link to increased cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"55","author":"Clemmensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2006.06.001","article-title":"Raised C-reactive protein and impaired flow-mediated vasodilation precede the development of preeclampsia","volume":"20","author":"Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.11.034","article-title":"Serial estimation of flow mediated dilatation in women at risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","volume":"149","author":"Kamat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.895458","article-title":"Prospective study of placental angiogenic factors and maternal vascular function before and after preeclampsia and gestational hypertension","volume":"122","author":"Noori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13177-7","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and raised plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine in pregnant women who subsequently develop pre-eclampsia","volume":"361","author":"Savvidou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/10641955.2016.1237643","article-title":"Vascular ultrasound measures before pregnancy and pregnancy complications: a prospective cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Harville","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertens. Pregnancy"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.385301.BE","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"335","author":"Bellamy","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.02.529","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia and future cardiovascular risk among women: a review","volume":"63","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17343","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia: an important risk factor for asymptomatic heart failure","volume":"49","author":"Ghossein-Doha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.11.065","article-title":"Risk for subsequent coronary artery disease after preeclampsia","volume":"93","author":"Haukkamaa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.150078","article-title":"Preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease death: prospective evidence from the child health and development studies cohort","volume":"56","author":"Mongraw-Chaffin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B161","article-title":"Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: cardiovascular long-term outcomes","author":"Alvarez-Alvarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hipertension y riesgo vascular"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00396.x","article-title":"Cardiovascular death in women who had hypertension in pregnancy: a case-control study","volume":"112","author":"Arnadottir","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349509021195","article-title":"Death rates from ischemic heart disease in women with a history of hypertension in pregnancy","volume":"74","author":"Jonsdottir","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09386","article-title":"Increased angiotensin II sensitivity contributes to microvascular dysfunction in women who have had preeclampsia","volume":"70","author":"Stanhewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20171292","article-title":"Alterations in endothelin type B receptor contribute to microvascular dysfunction in women who have had preeclampsia","volume":"131","author":"Stanhewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R148","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00221.2019","article-title":"Local Angiotensin 1-7 administration improves microvascular endothelial function in women who have had preeclampsia","volume":"318","author":"Stanhewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.147595","article-title":"Increased sensitivity to angiotensin II is present postpartum in women with a history of hypertensive pregnancy","volume":"55","author":"Saxena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001474","article-title":"Angiotensin II responsiveness after preeclampsia: translational data from an experimental rat model and early-onset human preeclampsia","volume":"35","author":"van der Graaf","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021113011211351000_B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1062","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00204.2018","article-title":"Residual vascular dysfunction in women with a history of preeclampsia","volume":"315","author":"Stanhewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Clinical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/135\/9\/1083\/910777\/cs-2020-0894c.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article-pdf\/135\/9\/1083\/910777\/cs-2020-0894c.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T12:37:08Z","timestamp":1699015028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/clinsci\/article\/135\/9\/1083\/228600\/Maternal-microvascular-dysfunction-during"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":169,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs20200894","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-5221","1470-8736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-5221","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-8736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}}}