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Therefore, targeting viral infections represents a promising strategy to prevent the occurrence and development of inflammatory flare ups in AECOPD. Jianpiyifei II (JPYFII) is a traditional herbal medicine used in China to treat patients with COPD, and its clinical indications are not well understood. However, investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanism using an animal model of smoking have been reported in a previous study by our group. In addition, some included herbs, such as Radix astragali and Radix aupleuri, were reported to exhibit antiviral effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether JPYFII formulation relieved acute inflammation by clearing the IAV in a mouse model that was exposed to cigarette smoke experimentally. JPYFII formulation treatment during smoke exposure and IAV infection significantly reduced the number of cells observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, superoxide production, and viral load in IAV-infected and smoke-exposed mice. However, JPYFII formulation treatment during smoke exposure alone did not reduce the number of cells in BALF or the expression of Il-6, Tnf-a, and Il-1\u03b2. The results demonstrated that JPYFII formulation exerted an antiviral effect and reduced the exacerbation of lung inflammation in cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice infected with IAV. Our results suggested that JPYFII formulation could potentially be used to treat patients with AECOPD associated with IAV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20210050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T17:58:33Z","timestamp":1625767113000},"page":"1733-1750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The traditional herbal formulation, <i>Jianpiyifei II<\/i>, reduces pulmonary inflammation induced by influenza A virus and cigarette smoke in mice"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0633-1850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuhua","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiuling","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People\u2019s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zifeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8443-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ross","family":"Vlahos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021113011222377800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31222-9","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"389","author":"Rabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021113011222377800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-214484","article-title":"Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: in search of diagnostic biomarkers and treatable traits","volume":"75","author":"Mathioudakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2021113011222377800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2019.60.5.407","article-title":"COPD as a Disease of Immunosenescence","volume":"60","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. 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