{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:15:12Z","timestamp":1788232512860,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing evidence suggests excess skin Na+ accumulation in hypertension; however, the role of skin-specific mechanisms of local Na+\/water regulation remains unclear. We investigated the association between measures of sweat and trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) with Na+ content in the skin ([Na+]skin) and clinical characteristics in consecutive hypertensive patients. We obtained an iontophoretic pilocarpine-induced sweat sample, a skin punch biopsy for chemical analysis, and measures of TEWL from the upper limbs. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor-c (VEGF-c) and a reflectance measure of haemoglobin skin content served as surrogates of skin microvasculature. In our cohort (n = 90; age 21\u201386 years; females = 49%), sweat composition was independent of sex and BMI. Sweat Na+ concentration ([Na+]sweat) inversely correlated with [K+]sweat and was higher in patients on ACEIs\/ARBs (P &amp;lt; 0.05). A positive association was found between [Na+]sweat and [Na+]skin, independent of sex, BMI, estimated Na+ intake and use of ACEi\/ARBs (Padjusted = 0.025); both closely correlated with age (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Office DBP, but not SBP, inversely correlated with [Na+]sweat independent of other confounders (Padjusted = 0.03). Total sweat volume and Na+ loss were lower in patients with uncontrolled office BP (Padjusted &amp;lt; 0.005 for both); sweat volume also positively correlated with serum VEGF-c and TEWL. Lower TEWL was paralleled by lower skin haemoglobin content, which increased less after vasodilatory pilocarpine stimulation when BMI was higher (P = 0.010). In conclusion, measures of Na+ and water handling\/regulation in the skin were associated with relevant clinical characteristics, systemic Na+ status and blood pressure values, suggesting a potential role of the skin in body-fluid homeostasis and therapeutic targeting of hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20220609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T16:10:27Z","timestamp":1673971827000},"page":"239-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Skin-specific mechanisms of body fluid regulation in hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Jun\u00a0Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khai\u00a0Syuen","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9392-3020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheon","family":"Mary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Boder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Bagordo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Emergency Medicine and Hypertension, DIMED, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7963-0931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian\u00a0Paolo","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Emergency Medicine and Hypertension, DIMED, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0670-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhian\u00a0M.","family":"Touyz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2238-2612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Delles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9023-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Rossitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, U.K."},{"name":"2Emergency Medicine and Hypertension, DIMED, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023031710571609400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.367","article-title":"Spooky sodium balance","volume":"85","author":"Titze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2023031710571609400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.02.034","article-title":"Speculations on salt and the genesis of arterial hypertension","volume":"91","author":"Titze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"2023031710571609400_","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17820-2","article-title":"Tissue sodium excess is not hypertonic and reflects extracellular volume expansion","volume":"11","author":"Rossitto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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