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However, it is unknown whether these adverse end organ effects result from increased blood pressure (BP), elevated levels of salt, or both. We hypothesized that pharmaceutically lowering BP would not fully alleviate the renal and gonadal immune cell accumulation, inflammation, and lymphangiogenesis associated with SSHTN. SSHTN was induced in male and female C57BL6\/J mice by administering nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 0.5 mg\/ml) in their drinking water for 2 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout period. Subsequently, the mice received a 3-week 4% high salt diet (SSHTN). The treatment group underwent the same SSHTN induction protocol but received hydralazine (HYD; 250 mg\/L) in their drinking water during the diet phase (SSHTN+HYD). Control mice received tap water and a standard diet for 7 weeks. In addition to decreasing systolic BP, HYD treatment generally decreased pro-inflammatory immune cells and inflammation in the kidneys and gonads of SSHTN mice. Furthermore, the decrease in BP partially alleviated elevated renal and gonadal lymphatics and improved renal and gonadal function in mice with SSHTN. These data demonstrate that high systemic pressure and salt differentially act on end organ immune cells, contributing to the broader understanding of how BP and salt intake collectively shape immune responses and highlight implications for targeted therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20240698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T15:29:19Z","timestamp":1719847759000},"page":"901-920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Differential changes in end organ immune cells and inflammation in salt-sensitive hypertension: effects of lowering blood pressure"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Shobana","family":"Navaneethabalakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bethany\u00a0L.","family":"Goodlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah\u00a0L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asia","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2575-8761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett\u00a0M.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024071607454305700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17741-1","article-title":"Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data","volume":"365","author":"Kearney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024071607454305700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8","article-title":"A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024071607454305700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61468-9","article-title":"Hypertension","volume":"386","author":"Poulter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024071607454305700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1212606","article-title":"Salt in health and disease\u2013a delicate balance","volume":"368","author":"Kotchen","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. 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