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The current study confirmed previously reported findings, including ventricular dilatation and enhanced systolic function with no evidence of arrhythmia in IGF1R model, as well as ventricular hypertrophy and decreased systolic function with intermittent atrial fibrillation in DCM-dnPI3K model. Novel findings obtained from the left atrial (LA) characterization of female mice revealed that physiological atrial enlargement resulted from increased atrial myocyte size and was associated with preserved atrial function, as determined by maintained LA ejection fraction (EF). The proteomic profile of IGF1R transgenic (Tg) mice was enriched for metabolic remodeling and showed a protein expression pattern similar to that of healthy human atria; on the other hand, pathological atrial enlargement resulted from increased atrial fibrosis with normal myocyte size and was associated with impaired atrial function due to a reduced LA EF. The proteomic profile of DCM-dnPI3K mice was enriched to both metabolic and structural remodeling and showed a protein expression pattern similar to that of human AF atria<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20241421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T05:20:42Z","timestamp":1726636842000},"page":"1173-1177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pathways to precision medicine: deciphering the secrets of physiological and pathological atrial enlargement"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Shuai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A."},{"name":"2Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5044-672X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xander\u00a0H.T.","family":"Wehrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A."},{"name":"2Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A."},{"name":"3Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A."},{"name":"4Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A."},{"name":"5Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A."},{"name":"6Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024091805203431400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019897870","article-title":"Global epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: an increasing epidemic and public health challenge","volume":"16","author":"Lippi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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