{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:05:57Z","timestamp":1771473957787,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The immune system responds to infection or vaccination through a dynamic and complex process that involves several molecular and cellular factors. Among these factors, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as significant players in all areas of biology, particularly in immunology. Most of the mammalian genome is transcribed in a highly regulated manner, generating a diversity of lncRNAs that impact the differentiation and activation of immune cells and affect innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we have reviewed the range of functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in response to infectious disease, including pathogen recognition, interferon (IFN) response, and inflammation. We describe examples of lncRNAs exploited by pathogenic agents during infection, which indicate that lncRNAs are a fundamental part of the arms race between hosts and pathogens. We also discuss lncRNAs potentially implicated in vaccine-induced immunity and present examples of lncRNAs associated with the antibody response of subjects receiving Influenza or Yellow Fever vaccines. Elucidating the widespread involvement of lncRNAs in the immune system will improve our understanding of the factors affecting immune response to different pathogenic agents, to better prevent and treat disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/ebc20200072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T11:19:36Z","timestamp":1631791176000},"page":"657-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Long non-coding RNAs associated with infection and vaccine-induced immunity"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Thomaz","family":"L\u00fcscher-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izabela\u00a0Mamede","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viviane","family":"Schuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinicius","family":"Maracaja-Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases - ACCDiS, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Instituto Vandique, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo\u00a0P.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, The Milner Therapeutics Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"},{"name":"INSPER - Institute of Education and Research, Sao Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5297-9108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder\u00a0I.","family":"Nakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"INSPER - Institute of Education and Research, Sao Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Scientific Platform Pasteur-University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111610351562900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02378","article-title":"Editorial: long non-coding RNAs and immunity","volume":"10","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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