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Experimental evidence obtained from studies using mouse models has provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of ER\u03b1 and PR in cervical cancer. In a mouse model expressing human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes, exogenous estrogen promotes cervical cancer through stromal ER\u03b1. In the same mouse model, genetic ablation of PR promotes cervical carcinogenesis without exogenous estrogen. Medroxyprogesterone acetate, a PR-activating drug, regresses cervical cancer in the mouse model. These results support that ER\u03b1 and PR play opposite roles in cervical cancer. They further support that ER\u03b1 inhibition and PR activation may be translated into valuable treatment for a subset of cervical cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/ebc20200175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T07:16:45Z","timestamp":1624346205000},"page":"941-950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Functional roles of female sex hormones and their nuclear receptors in cervical cancer"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Seoung-Ae","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seunghan","family":"Baik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2125-845X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Hyuk","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112618231500300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31937","article-title":"Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods","volume":"144","author":"Ferlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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