{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T07:14:24Z","timestamp":1773213264615,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>COVID-19 symptoms and mortality are largely due to its devastating effects in the lungs. The disease is caused by the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)-CoV-2 coronavirus, which requires host cell proteins such as ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) and TMPRSS2 (transmembrane serine protease 2) for infection of lung epithelia. The expression and function of the steroid hormone receptor family is important in many aspects that impact on COVID-19 effects in the lung \u2013 notably lung development and function, the immune system, and expression of TMPRSS2 and ACE2. This review provides a brief summary of current knowledge on the roles of the steroid hormone receptors [androgen receptor (AR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), progesterone receptor (PR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and oestrogen receptor (ER)] in the lung, their effects on host cell proteins that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 uptake, and provides a snapshot of current clinical trials investigating the use of steroid receptor (SR) ligands to treat COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/ebc20210005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T09:50:57Z","timestamp":1627638657000},"page":"1025-1038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Roles of steroid receptors in the lung and COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Damien A.","family":"Leach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg N.","family":"Brooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, U.K."},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7533-0552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte L.","family":"Bevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112618231049800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.01.015","article-title":"Sex- or gender-specific differences in the clinical presentation, outcome, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"43","author":"Wolfe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. 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