{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:15:15Z","timestamp":1792199715501,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Approximately ten million people are diagnosed with dementia annually since they experience difficulties with memory and thinking skills. Since neurodegenerative diseases are diagnosed late, most of them are difficult to treat. This is due to the increased severity of the disease during the progression when neuroinflammation plays a critical role. The activation of immune cells, especially microglia, plays a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular sensors within these microglia, such as the NLRP3 inflammasome, are activated by signals that represent the hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we first summarize the two activation steps of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we discuss the key factors that contribute to NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the different neuroinflammatory diseases, like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The prominent NLRP3 inflammasome triggers include amyloid \u03b2 and tau oligomers in AD, \u03b1-synuclein in PD, and superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) in ALS. NLRP3 inhibitor treatment has shown promising results in several preclinical mouse models of AD, PD, and ALS. Finally, we postulate that current understandings underpin the potential for NLRP3 inhibitors as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/ebc20210021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T13:35:57Z","timestamp":1638279357000},"page":"885-904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Inflammasome activation in neurodegenerative diseases"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Kishore\u00a0Aravind","family":"Ravichandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry\/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn 53127, Germany"},{"name":"Cooperation unit Neuroinflammation, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4996-1630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael\u00a0T.","family":"Heneka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry\/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn 53127, Germany"},{"name":"Cooperation unit Neuroinflammation, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122211021634700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0244-7","article-title":"Ageing as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease","volume":"15","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Heneka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11729","article-title":"NLRP3 is activated in Alzheimer's disease and contributes to pathology in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"493","author":"Heneka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25158","article-title":"Microglia-derived ASC specks cross-seed amyloid-\u03b2 in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"552","author":"Venegas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1769-z","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome activation drives tau pathology","volume":"575","author":"Ising","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3452","article-title":"Activation and regulation of the inflammasomes","volume":"13","author":"Latz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.58","article-title":"Inflammasomes: mechanism of assembly, regulation and signalling","volume":"16","author":"Broz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20201707","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201707","article-title":"Inflammasomes are activated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with COVID-19 severity in patients","volume":"218","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0167-x","article-title":"Inflammasome activation and regulation: toward a better understanding of complex mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101405","article-title":"The inflammasome NLRs in immunity, inflammation, and associated diseases","volume":"29","author":"Davis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.040","article-title":"The inflammasomes","volume":"140","author":"Schroder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00599-3","article-title":"The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-\u03b2","volume":"10","author":"Martinon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2015.16","article-title":"Neuronal NLRP1 inflammasome activation of Caspase-1 coordinately regulates inflammatory interleukin-1-beta production and axonal degeneration-associated Caspase-6 activation","volume":"22","author":"Kaushal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0055-7","article-title":"Inflammasome signalling in brain function and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"19","author":"Heneka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2016-000012","article-title":"Neurotransmitter receptors on microglia","volume-title":"Stroke and Vascular Neurology","author":"Liu","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00630-3","article-title":"Necroptosis, pyroptosis and apoptosis: an intricate game of cell death","volume":"18","author":"Bertheloot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/ng756","article-title":"Mutation of a new gene encoding a putative pyrin-like protein causes familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome and Muckle-Wells syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Hoffman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0165-0","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics","volume":"19","author":"Swanson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700175","article-title":"Cutting edge: TRAF6 mediates TLR\/IL-1R signaling-induced nontranscriptional priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"199","author":"Xing","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.11.047","article-title":"Dopamine controls systemic inflammation through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"160","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.11.009","article-title":"Deubiquitination of NLRP3 by BRCC3 critically regulates inflammasome activity","volume":"49","author":"Py","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-019-01281-5","article-title":"Regulation of oxidized LDL-induced inflammatory process through NLRP3 inflammasome activation by the deubiquitinating enzyme BRCC36","volume":"68","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185.e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.08.017","article-title":"NLRP3 phosphorylation is an essential priming event for inflammasome activation","volume":"68","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3538","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition is disrupted in a group of auto-inflammatory disease CAPS mutations","volume":"17","author":"Mortimer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160933","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome assembly is regulated by phosphorylation of the pyrin domain","volume":"214","author":"Stutz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1413-8","article-title":"Recent advances in the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its inhibitors","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.618231","article-title":"Regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by post-translational modifications and small molecules","volume":"11","author":"Seok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8041","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611496104","article-title":"Cryopyrin\/NALP3 binds ATP\/dATP, is an ATPase, and requires ATP binding to mediate inflammatory signaling","volume":"104","author":"Duncan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19487","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.741082","article-title":"ASC pyrin domain self-associates and binds NLRP3 protein using equivalent binding interfaces*","volume":"291","author":"Oroz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20172222","article-title":"Caspase-1 self-cleavage is an intrinsic mechanism to terminate inflammasome activity","volume":"215","author":"Boucher","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0055-7","article-title":"Inflammasome signalling in brain function and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"19","author":"Heneka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E9371","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1812744115","article-title":"Chloride regulates dynamic NLRP3-dependent ASC oligomerization and inflammasome priming","volume":"115","author":"Green","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-1140-0","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophage cell lines by prion protein fibrils as the source of IL-1\u03b2 and neuronal toxicity","volume":"69","author":"Hafner-Bratkovi\u010d","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4930-11.2012","article-title":"P2X4 receptors influence inflammasome activation after spinal cord injury","volume":"32","author":"de Rivero Vaccari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16959","article-title":"NEK7 is an essential mediator of NLRP3 activation downstream of potassium efflux","volume":"530","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3333","article-title":"NLRP3 activation and mitosis are mutually exclusive events coordinated by NEK7, a new inflammasome component","volume":"17","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07573-4","article-title":"NLRP3 lacking the leucine-rich repeat domain can be fully activated via the canonical inflammasome pathway","volume":"9","author":"Hafner-Bratkovi\u010d","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.07.098","article-title":"A membrane potential- and calpain-dependent reversal of Caspase-1 inhibition regulates canonical NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.05.016","article-title":"K+ efflux is the common trigger of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by bacterial toxins and particulate matter","volume":"38","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Planillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133328","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: an overview of mechanisms of activation and regulation","volume":"20","author":"Kelley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27425","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.667063","article-title":"Rotenone-induced impairment of mitochondrial electron transport chain confers a selective priming signal for NLRP3 inflammasome activation*","volume":"290","author":"Won","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15489","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15489","article-title":"Defective mitochondrial fission augments NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"5","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0372-z","article-title":"New mitochondrial DNA synthesis enables NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"560","author":"Zhong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.264444","article-title":"Microglial cathepsin B as a key driver of inflammatory brain diseases and brain aging","volume":"15","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural. Regen. Res."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201848013","article-title":"Extracellular ADP augments microglial inflammasome and NF-\u03baB activation via the P2Y12 receptor","volume":"50","author":"Suzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00167","article-title":"Cathepsin B is required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages, through NLRP3 interaction","volume":"8","author":"Chevriaux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.645244","article-title":"The P2X7 receptor in microglial cells modulates the endolysosomal axis, autophagy, and phagocytosis","volume":"15","author":"Campagno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.11.006","article-title":"Chronic exposure to exogenous glucocorticoids primes microglia to pro-inflammatory stimuli and induces NLRP3 mRNA in the hippocampus","volume":"40","author":"Frank","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.10.009","article-title":"The redox state of the alarmin HMGB1 is a pivotal factor in neuroinflammatory and microglial priming: A role for the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"55","author":"Frank","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-016-0221-7","article-title":"Ethanol-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in iPS cells and iPS cells-derived neural progenitor cells","volume":"9","author":"De Filippis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.01.012","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome modulates sleep and NREM sleep delta power induced by spontaneous wakefulness, sleep deprivation and lipopolysaccharide","volume":"62","author":"Zielinski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14225","article-title":"Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia: the role of ceramide","volume":"143","author":"Scheiblich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162.e14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.013","article-title":"Western diet triggers NLRP3-dependent innate immune reprogramming","volume":"172","author":"Christ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194637","article-title":"Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages","volume":"330","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.125","article-title":"Microglia and macrophages in brain homeostasis and disease","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00783-4","article-title":"Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions","volume":"24","author":"Escartin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419090112","article-title":"AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasomes contribute with ASC to acute brain injury independently of NLRP3","volume":"112","author":"Denes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20150237","article-title":"NLR members NLRC4 and NLRP3 mediate sterile inflammasome activation in microglia and astrocytes","volume":"214","author":"Freeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-018-0127-2","article-title":"Dopamine D2 receptor restricts astrocytic NLRP3 inflammasome activation via enhancing the interaction of \u03b2-arrestin2 and NLRP3","volume":"25","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02633","article-title":"Cell death is counteracted by mitophagy in HIV-productively infected astrocytes but is promoted by inflammasome activation among non-productively infected cells","volume":"9","author":"Ojeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12328","article-title":"2021 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures","volume":"17","author":"Alzheimer's association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570711","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.570711","article-title":"The role of microglia and the Nlrp3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"Hanslik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00391-7","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.29","article-title":"Not just amyloid: physiological functions of the amyloid precursor protein family","volume":"18","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-018-0298-9","article-title":"New insights into the role of TREM2 in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Gratuze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1636","article-title":"The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid-\u03b2","volume":"9","author":"Halle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14945","article-title":"Soluble A\u03b2 oligomers and protofibrils induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia","volume":"155","author":"Lu\u010di\u016bnait\u0117","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.144284","article-title":"Toxic species in amyloid disorders: oligomers or mature fibrils","volume":"18","author":"Verma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-018-0085-6","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2 directly interacts with NLRP3 to initiate inflammasome activation: identification of an intrinsic NLRP3 ligand in a cell-free system","volume":"38","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm. Regen."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11982","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3158-09.2009","article-title":"CD14 and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are required for fibrillar A\u03b2-stimulated microglial activation","volume":"29","author":"Reed-Geaghan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101121","article-title":"TLR2 is a primary receptor for Alzheimer's amyloid \u03b2 peptide to trigger neuroinflammatory activation","volume":"188","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09477-3","article-title":"Different soluble aggregates of A\u03b242 can give rise to cellular toxicity through different mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"De","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1205-6","article-title":"Serum amyloid A primes microglia for ATP-dependent interleukin-1\u03b2 release","volume":"15","author":"Facci","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0972-9","article-title":"Role of microglial amylin receptors in mediating beta amyloid (A\u03b2)-induced inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00913-5","article-title":"Microglia use TAM receptors to detect and engulf amyloid \u03b2 plaques","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2913","article-title":"The adaptor ASC has extracellular and \u201cprionoid\u201d activities that propagate inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Franklin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00204","article-title":"Role of tau as a microtubule-associated protein: structural and functional aspects","volume":"11","author":"Barbier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12192","article-title":"Hypothesis: tau pathology is an initiating factor in sporadic Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Arnsten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-01957-y","article-title":"Aggregated Tau activates NLRP3-ASC inflammasome exacerbating exogenously seeded and non-exogenously seeded Tau pathology in vivo","volume":"137","author":"Stancu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0687-6","article-title":"Synergy between amyloid-\u03b2 and tau in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"23","author":"Busche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.07.094","article-title":"Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia-like cells harboring TREM2 missense mutations show specific deficits in phagocytosis","volume":"24","author":"Garcia-Reitboeck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13316","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91207-1","article-title":"Microglial signalling pathway deficits associated with the patient derived R47H TREM2 variants linked to AD indicate inability to activate inflammasome","volume":"11","author":"Cosker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1159\/000492596","article-title":"CD33 in Alzheimer's disease - biology, pathogenesis, and therapeutics: a mini-review","volume":"65","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-07-730556","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome functions as a driver of the myelodysplastic syndrome phenotype","volume":"128","author":"Basiorka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0228-7","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: pathobiology and targeting strategies","volume":"15","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01869-3","article-title":"25-Hydroxycholesterol amplifies microglial IL-1\u03b2 production in an apoE isoform-dependent manner","volume":"17","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0477-y","article-title":"Activation of phagocytic activity in astrocytes by reduced expression of the inflammasome component ASC and its implication in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease","volume":"13","author":"Couturier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101064","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2018101064","article-title":"Systemic inflammation impairs microglial A\u03b2 clearance through NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"38","author":"Tejera","year":"2019","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0108-3","article-title":"New role of P2X7 receptor in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model","volume":"24","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32145","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2009680117","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor OLT1177 rescues cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"117","author":"Lonnemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0467-9","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor ameliorates amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"55","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3795","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102017","article-title":"Kainic acid Induces production and aggregation of amyloid \u03b2-protein and memory deficits by activating inflammasomes in NLRP3- and NF-\u03baB-stimulated pathways","volume":"11","author":"Ruan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging (Albany N.Y.)"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01948-5","article-title":"\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits inflammasome activation to attenuate Alzheimer's disease pathology","volume":"17","author":"Shippy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031306","article-title":"Effect of increased IL-1\u03b2 on expression of HK in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"22","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9989","article-title":"DJ-1 affects oxidative stress and pyroptosis in hippocampal neurons of Alzheimer's disease mouse model by regulating the Nrf2 pathway","volume":"21","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23426","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1916318116","article-title":"N,N\u2032-diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine restores microglial phagocytosis and improves cognitive defects in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice","volume":"116","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1980-20.2020","article-title":"Zinc status alters Alzheimer's disease progression through NLRP3-dependent inflammation","volume":"41","author":"Rivers-Auty","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629891","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.629891","article-title":"Enhanced autolysosomal function ameliorates the inflammatory response mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B99","first-page":"e21184","article-title":"MicroRNA-191-5p ameliorates amyloid-\u03b21-40-mediated retinal pigment epithelium cell injury by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02004-y","article-title":"Microbial BMAA elicits mitochondrial dysfunction, innate immunity activation, and Alzheimer's disease features in cortical neurons","volume":"17","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1319-x","article-title":"\u03b11-antitrypsin mitigates NLRP3-inflammasome activation in amyloid \u03b21-42-stimulated murine astrocytes","volume":"15","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3743.e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.025","article-title":"\u03b2-amyloid clustering around ASC fibrils boosts its toxicity in microglia","volume":"30","author":"Friker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1159\/000481753","article-title":"Edaravone attenuates the proinflammatory response in amyloid-\u03b2-treated microglia by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1\u03b2 secretion","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170634","article-title":"Co-localization of glia maturation factor with NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagosome markers in human Alzheimer's disease brain","volume":"60","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-019-0475-2","article-title":"Neurexin 3 transmembrane and soluble isoform expression and splicing haplotype are associated with neuron inflammasome and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"Hishimoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45687-x","article-title":"Circulatory miR-223-3p discriminates between Parkinson's and Alzheimer's patients","volume":"9","author":"Mancuso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00342","article-title":"Inhibition of amyloid-beta production, associated neuroinflammation, and histone deacetylase 2-mediated epigenetic modifications prevent neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease in vitro model","volume":"11","author":"Atluri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20170023","article-title":"Autophagy impairment in Parkinson's disease","volume":"61","author":"Karabiyik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322338","article-title":"Parkinson's disease: etiopathogenesis and treatment","volume":"91","author":"Jankovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00280-3","article-title":"Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment","volume":"7","author":"Aarsland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20182191","article-title":"Fyn kinase regulates misfolded \u03b1-synuclein uptake and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia","volume":"216","author":"Panicker","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2025847118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025847118","article-title":"Soluble \u03b1-synuclein-antibody complexes activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in hiPSC-derived microglia","volume":"118","author":"Trudler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100035","article-title":"Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation upon TLR2 and TLR5 ligation by distinct \u03b1-synuclein assemblies","author":"Scheiblich","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-018-2817-y","article-title":"Genetic risk factors in Parkinson's disease","volume":"373","author":"Billingsley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.06.001","article-title":"Down-regulation of DJ-1 augments neuroinflammation via Nrf2\/Trx1\/NLRP3 axis in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model","volume":"442","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00785-3","article-title":"Genome sequencing analysis identifies new loci associated with Lewy body dementia and provides insights into its genetic architecture","volume":"53","author":"Chia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-018-0124-5","article-title":"MPTP-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia plays a central role in dopaminergic neurodegeneration","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-018-0209-1","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome pathway is involved in olfactory bulb pathological alteration induced by MPTP","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaa060","article-title":"Baicalein attenuates neuroinflammation by inhibiting NLRP3\/caspase-1\/GSDMD pathway in MPTP induced mice model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Rui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-179006","article-title":"The MPTP story","volume":"7","author":"Langston","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-017-0032-2","article-title":"Mitochondrial impairment in microglia amplifies NLRP3 inflammasome proinflammatory signaling in cell culture and animal models of Parkinson's disease","volume":"3","author":"Sarkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Park Dis."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090824","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity of Hidrox\u00ae in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in mice","volume":"9","author":"Siracusa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01823-3","article-title":"Integrin CD11b mediates locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurodegeneration in a mouse Parkinson's disease model","volume":"17","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-019-0280-2","article-title":"TLR4 deficiency has a protective effect in the MPTP\/probenecid mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"40","author":"Shao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1596481","article-title":"Small molecule-driven NLRP3 inflammation inhibition via interplay between ubiquitination and autophagy: implications for Parkinson disease","volume":"15","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2021.01.022","article-title":"Exosomes derived from miR-188-3p-modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells protect Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13076","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202013076","article-title":"SGK1 inhibition in glia ameliorates pathologies and symptoms in Parkinson disease animal models","volume":"13","author":"Kwon","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1236-z","article-title":"Inhibition of the hepatic Nlrp3 protects dopaminergic neurons via attenuating systemic inflammation in a MPTP\/p mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Qiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaah4066","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aah4066","article-title":"Inflammasome inhibition prevents \u03b1-synuclein pathology and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice","volume":"10","author":"Gordon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577543","article-title":"A selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor attenuates behavioral deficits and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"354","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170014","article-title":"LRRK2 promotes the activation of NLRC4 inflammasome during Salmonella typhimurium infection","volume":"214","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.015","article-title":"PINK1-mediated mitophagy protects against hepatic ischemia\/reperfusion injury by restraining NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"160","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55375","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055375","article-title":"Triggering of inflammasome by aggregated \u03b1-Synuclein, an inflammatory response in synucleinopathies","volume":"8","author":"Codolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-018-0061-5","article-title":"NLRP3 expression in mesencephalic neurons and characterization of a rare NLRP3 polymorphism associated with decreased risk of Parkinson's disease","volume":"4","author":"von Herrmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Park Dis."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1719723","article-title":"Microglial autophagy defect causes parkinson disease-like symptoms by accelerating inflammasome activation in mice","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12514","article-title":"Atp13a2 deficiency aggravates astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"22","author":"Qiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfx117","article-title":"Editor's highlight: Nlrp3 is required for inflammatory changes and nigral cell loss resulting from chronic intragastric rotenone exposure in mice","volume":"159","author":"Martinez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-00147-6","article-title":"Plasma-borne indicators of inflammasome activity in Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"7","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Park Dis."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.017038","article-title":"Spinal cord pathology is ameliorated by P2X7 antagonism in a SOD1-mutant mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Apolloni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dis. Model Mech."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3064","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3064","article-title":"P2X7 antagonism using Brilliant Blue G reduces body weight loss and prolongs survival in female SOD1(G93A) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice","volume":"5","author":"Bartlett","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8429","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0322-4","article-title":"Administration of 17\u03b2-estradiol improves motoneuron survival and down-regulates inflammasome activation in male SOD1(G93A) ALS mice","volume":"54","author":"Heitzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052523","article-title":"inflammasome in ALS skeletal muscle: NLRP3 as a potential biomarker","volume":"22","author":"Moreno-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22891","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome is expressed by astrocytes in the SOD1 mouse model of ALS and in human sporadic ALS patients","volume":"63","author":"Johann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23728","article-title":"The microglial NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis proteins","volume":"68","author":"Deora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13046","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002396107","article-title":"Mutant superoxide dismutase 1-induced IL-1\u03b2 accelerates ALS pathogenesis","volume":"107","author":"Meissner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.07.019","article-title":"TDP-43 activates microglia through NF-\u03baB and NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"273","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-94","article-title":"Evaluating the levels of interleukin-1 family cytokines in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Italiani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0139684","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139684","article-title":"Interleukin-1 antagonist anakinra in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\u2013a pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Maier","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17071","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.71","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Hardiman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14393","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a clinical review","volume":"27","author":"Masrori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1134108","article-title":"Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"314","author":"Neumann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-4-16","article-title":"ALS-associated mutant SOD1G93A causes mitochondrial vacuolation by expansion of the intermembrane space and by involvement of SOD1 aggregation and peroxisomes","volume":"4","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4130","article-title":"The inhibition of TDP-43 mitochondrial localization blocks its neuronal toxicity","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2021122211021634700_B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00549-x","article-title":"Peripheral and central immune system crosstalk in Alzheimer disease - a research prospectus","volume":"17","author":"Bettcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Essays in Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/essaysbiochem\/article-pdf\/65\/7\/885\/926965\/ebc-2021-0021c.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/essaysbiochem\/article-pdf\/65\/7\/885\/926965\/ebc-2021-0021c.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T11:44:15Z","timestamp":1640173455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/essaysbiochem\/article\/65\/7\/885\/230350\/Inflammasome-activation-in-neurodegenerative"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Glenda","family":"Halliday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Dzamko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":154,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/ebc20210021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0071-1365","1744-1358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0071-1365","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-1358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}}}