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Nanocarrier technology emerges as a promising strategy to improve treatment efficacy in PDAC. Nanocarriers can not only improve drug penetration through their adjustable physicochemical properties but also effectively regulate immune cell function in pancreatic cancer TME and promote anti-tumor immune response. This mini-review discusses the effects of nanocarriers on the immune microenvironment of PDAC, analyzing their mechanisms in modulating immune cells, overcoming ECM barriers, and reshaping the TME.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/ebc20243001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T03:53:43Z","timestamp":1748318023000},"page":"97-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Modulating immune cells within pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via nanomedicine"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Junyi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68106, U.S.A."},{"name":"2Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68106, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68106, U.S.A."},{"name":"2Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68106, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6230-1015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingjing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68106, U.S.A."},{"name":"2Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68106, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090902072042200_EBC-2024-3001C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00457-x","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer epidemiology: understanding the role of lifestyle and inherited risk factors","volume":"18","author":"Klein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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