{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:46:17Z","timestamp":1787240777649,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/n\/a","name":"SECIHTI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/n\/a","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health crisis, with mortality already in the millions and projections of up to 10 million deaths annually by 2050. Traditional discovery strategies, such as one strain many compounds-based screening of large strain collections, have yielded most of our current antibiotics but are slow, resource-intensive, and highly prone to rediscovery. In parallel, high-throughput sequencing has uncovered an enormous reservoir of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), of which only a small fraction has been experimentally characterized, and many show extensive overlap in gene content. This combination of hidden diversity and functional redundancy demands new tools to prioritize, monitor, and rationally activate BGCs. In this review, we discuss how biosensors can be integrated with genome mining to accelerate antimicrobial discovery and BGC dereplication. We summarize the chemical scaffolds, biosynthetic logic and diagnostic enzymatic signatures of major antimicrobial classes, including \u03b2-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, lincosamides, polyenes, and azoles, and highlighting representative biosensors that target each scaffold. The biosensors discussed use transcription factors, enzymes, aptamers, CRISPR systems and stress-response modules to generate specific and sensitive signals in complex matrices. We argue that translating BGC architecture into biosensor design creates a practical framework to rapidly discriminate from novel activities, but most importantly, to guide the exploration of chemical space around clinically important scaffolds in the era of escalating AMR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/ebc20250015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:51:28Z","timestamp":1780480288000},"page":"103-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Translating biosynthetic gene cluster architecture into biosensor design for microbial natural product discovery"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5720-523X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa\u00a0M.","family":"Trejo-Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Unidad de Biolog\u00eda Integrativa, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3506-8657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor\u00a0H.","family":"Tierrafr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9841-7976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis\u00a0M.","family":"Salazar-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Monterrey, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6260-5046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luz\u00a0A.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio\u00a0C.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Unidad de Biolog\u00eda Integrativa, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0159-937X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0360-3945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuauht\u00e9moc","family":"Licona-Cassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082001215882000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050","volume":"404","author":"GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082001215882000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-024-01070-8","article-title":"1-10-100: Unifying goals to mobilize global action on antimicrobial resistance","volume":"20","author":"Rogers Van Katwyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Global Health"},{"key":"2026082001215882000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NP00067J","article-title":"Natural product inspired antibiotics approved for human use\u20141943 to 2025","author":"Butler","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. 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