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Among drugs with addictive liability, there are illicit classical stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine, and their more recently available counterparts known as novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Stimulants normally increase dopamine availability in the brain, including the pathway implicated in reward-related behaviour. This pattern is observed in both animal and human brain. The main biological target of stimulants, both classical and NPS, is the dopamine transporter (DAT) implicated in the dopamine-enhancing effects of these drugs. This article aims at reviewing research on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the interactions between stimulant NPS, such as benzofurans, cathinones or piperidine derivatives and DAT, to achieve a greater understanding of the core phenomena that decide about the addictive potential of stimulant NPS. As the methodology is essential in the process of experimental research in this area, we review the applications of in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. The latter, including molecular dynamics, attracts the focus of the present review as the method of choice in molecular and atomistic investigations of the mechanisms of addiction of stimulant NPS. Research of this kind is of interest to not only scientists but also health professionals as updated knowledge of NPS, their modes of action and health risks, is needed to tackle the challenges posed by NPS misuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/ns20210006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T10:45:21Z","timestamp":1635936321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Molecular mechanisms of action of stimulant novel psychoactive substances that target the high-affinity transporter for dopamine"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2898-3112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle\u00a0A.","family":"Sahai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Opacka-Juffry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111711212360500_B1","article-title":"UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), World Drug Report 2021","author":"United Nations","year":"2021"},{"key":"2021111711212360500_B2","first-page":"364","article-title":"Reinforcement and addictive disorders","volume-title":"Molecular Neuropharmacology\u202f: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience","author":"Nestler","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021111711212360500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2006.11.003","article-title":"Reward system and addiction: what dopamine does and doesn\u2019t do","volume":"7","author":"Di Chiara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. 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