{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:06:54Z","timestamp":1790996814726,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":251,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a complex, multisystem disorder characterised by \u03b1-synuclein (SNCA) pathology, degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, multifactorial pathogenetic mechanisms and expression of a plethora of motor and non-motor symptoms. Animal models of PD have already been instructive in helping us unravel some of these aspects. However, much remains to be discovered, requiring continued interrogation by the research community. In contrast with the situation for many neurological disorders, PD benefits from of a wide range of available animal models (pharmacological, toxin, genetic and \u03b1-synuclein) but this makes selection of the optimal one for a given study difficult. This is especially so when a study demands a model that displays a specific combination of features. While many excellent reviews of animal models already exist, this review takes a different approach with the intention of more readily informing this decision-making process. We have considered each feature of PD in turn \u2013 aetiology, pathology, pathogenesis, motor dysfunctions and non-motor symptoms (NMS) \u2013 highlighting those animal models that replicate each. By compiling easily accessible tables and a summary figure, we aim to provide the reader with a simple, go-to resource for selecting the optimal animal model of PD to suit their research needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/ns20210026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T12:20:46Z","timestamp":1636546846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Animal models of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a guide to selecting the optimal model for your research"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Lama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Wolfson Wing, Hodgkin Building, Guy\u2019s Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazead","family":"Buhidma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Wolfson Wing, Hodgkin Building, Guy\u2019s Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward\u00a0J.R.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Wolfson Wing, Hodgkin Building, Guy\u2019s Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3408-5973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Duty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, Wolfson Wing, Hodgkin Building, Guy\u2019s Campus, London SE1 1UL, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120810362529300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Global Burden of Disease Network Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2021120810362529300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01426.x","article-title":"Animal models of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a source of novel treatments and clues to the cause of the disease","volume":"164","author":"Duty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. 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