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Repair of damage in the CNS occurs through a concerted effort of phagocytosis of debris, cell proliferation and differentiation to produce new neurons and glia, distal axon\/dendrite degeneration, proximal axon\/dendrite regeneration and axon re-enwrapment. In humans, regeneration is observed within the peripheral nervous system, while in the CNS injured axons exhibit limited ability to regenerate. This has also been described for the fruit fly Drosophila. Powerful genetic tools available in Drosophila have allowed the response to CNS insults to be probed and novel regulators with mammalian orthologs identified. The conservation of many regenerative pathways, despite considerable evolutionary separation, stresses that these signals are principal regulators and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we highlight the role of Drosophila CNS injury models in providing key insight into regenerative processes by exploring the underlying pathways that control glial and neuronal activation in response to insult, and their contribution to damage repair in the CNS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/ns20210051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T10:27:31Z","timestamp":1648636051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Insights into nervous system repair from the fruit fly"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Coupe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, 16 Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3277-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torsten","family":"Bossing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, John Bull Building, 16 Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022041314070671700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.10.JNS17352","article-title":"Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury","volume":"April 1","author":"Dewan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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