{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T07:00:52Z","timestamp":1768633252385,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Type IV collagen is present ubiquitously in basement membranes. A bifunctional promoter regulates the expression of the \u03b11\/\u03b12 genes, and the \u03b13\/\u03b14 and the \u03b15\/\u03b16 genes are also considered to be regulated by putative bifunctional promoters. Unlike the other type\u00a0IV collagen chains, the \u03b15(IV) and \u03b16(IV) chains do not always co-localize and are present in distinct basement membranes. To address such dichotomy in the \u03b15(IV) and \u03b16(IV) gene regulation, we cloned a mouse genomic DNA fragment containing the promoter region between the two transcription start sites of these genes and we then placed this putative promoter sequence between the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and Luciferase reporter genes, so that these genes would be transcribed in opposite directions in this unique construct. Glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells generate the kidney glomerular basement membrane, which always contains the \u03b15(IV) chain but not the \u03b16(IV) chain. In contrast, the basement membranes of Bowman's capsule and distal tubuli (produced by the tubular epithelial cells) contain the \u03b16(IV) chain. We demonstrate that, in response to TGF-\u03b2 (transforming growth factor \u03b2), epidermal growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor, expression from the \u03b15(IV) gene is significantly enhanced in the glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells, but not expression from the \u03b16(IV) gene. In contrast, the expression from the \u03b16(IV) gene, and not that from the \u03b15(IV) gene, was significantly enhanced in response to growth factors in the tubular epithelial cells. Our results demonstrate that the proximal bifunctional promoter regulates the expression of the \u03b15(IV) and \u03b16(IV) genes in a cell-specific manner and offers the first demonstration of the promoter plasticity in growth factor regulation of type\u00a0IV collagen genes in different tissues of the body.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20041870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,27]],"date-time":"2005-04-27T08:32:50Z","timestamp":1114590770000},"page":"755-761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Bifunctional promoter of type\u00a0IV collagen COL4A5 and COL4A6 genes regulates the expression of \u03b15 and \u03b16 chains in a distinct cell-specific fashion"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"387","author":[{"given":"Malin","family":"SUND","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, DANA 514, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A."}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"MAESHIMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, DANA 514, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A."}]},{"given":"Raghu","family":"KALLURI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, DANA 514, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A."}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021112215003516400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14673.x","article-title":"Structure and biological activity of basement membrane proteins","volume":"180","author":"Timpl","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur. 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