{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:37:08Z","timestamp":1753871828429,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1149,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is conflicting evidence as to whether water drinking elicits a pressor response in healthy young adults. The inclusion of a variable number of women may have contributed to the discrepancies found in past research. Thus, we aimed at exploring whether the osmopressor response follows a sexually dimorphic pattern. In a randomized fashion, 31 healthy adults (16 men; 15 women, aged 18\u201340\u00a0years) ingested 50 and 500\u00a0ml of water before completing a resting protocol on two separate days. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate and spectral heart rate variability were measured in the seated position at pre- and post-25\u00a0min of water ingestion. Women responded to 500\u00a0ml of water with a greater proportion of change in diastolic and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (P&amp;lt;0.05). Conversely, the percent change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate was not different between sexes after 500\u00a0ml of water. Overall, women demonstrated lower blood pressure, but higher resting heart rate compared with men (P&amp;lt;0.05). In contrast, heart rate variability was similar between sexes before and after ingesting either volume of water. There was a bradycardic effect of water and, irrespectively of sex; this was accompanied by increased high frequency power (HF) (P&amp;lt;0.05). We conclude that women display a greater magnitude of pressor response than men post-water ingestion. Accordingly, we provide direct evidence of sexual dimorphism in the haemodynamic response to water intake in young healthy adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20150276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]],"date-time":"2016-04-26T03:50:59Z","timestamp":1461642659000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sexual dimorphism in the osmopressor response following water ingestion"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Goncalo\u00a0V.","family":"Mendonca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIPER: Laboratory of Motor Behavior, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Teod\u00f3sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Motor Behavior, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Lucena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Academia Militar (CINAMIL), 1169-203 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando\u00a0D.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz-Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111619171683500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240100555","article-title":"Water drinking causes a biphasic change in blood composition in humans","volume":"442","author":"Endo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.5.504","article-title":"The pressor response to water drinking in humans: a sympathetic reflex?","volume":"101","author":"Jordan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1030157","article-title":"Cardiac vagal response to water ingestion in normal human subjects","volume":"103","author":"Routledge","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1000335","article-title":"Water ingestion increases sympathetic vasoconstricor discharge in normal human subjects","volume":"100","author":"Scott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond)."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2013.816778","article-title":"Salivary alpha-amylase as a biomarker for the osmopressor response in healthy adults","volume":"18","author":"Chu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000038921.64575.D0","article-title":"Water drinking acutely improves orthostatic tolerance in healthy subjects","volume":"106","author":"Schroeder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25898","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025898","article-title":"Liver afferents contribute to water drinking-induced sympathetic activation in human subjects: a clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"May","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000070957.08219.C9","article-title":"Pressor effect of water drinking in tetraplegic patients may be a spinal reflex","volume":"41","author":"Tank","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000176060.90959.36","article-title":"Osmosensitive mechanisms contribute to the water drinking-induced pressor response in humans","volume":"65","author":"Lipp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.151860","article-title":"Portal osmopressor mechanism linked to transient receptor potential Vanilloid 4 and blood pressure control","volume":"55","author":"McHugh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12290","article-title":"Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to tap water ingestion in young humans: does the water temperature matter?","volume":"211","author":"Girona","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. (Oxf)."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)99015-3","article-title":"A potent pressor response elicited by drinking water","volume":"353","author":"Jordan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1002188","article-title":"Acute water ingestion increases arterial blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive subjects","volume":"21","author":"Callegaro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B14","article-title":"The influence of water ingestion on postexercise hypotension and standing haemodynamics","author":"Mendonca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.5.2088","article-title":"Gender difference in cardiovagal baroreflex gain in humans","volume":"91","author":"Beske","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.3.795","article-title":"Effects of menstrual cycle and race on peripheral vascular alpha-adrenergic responsiveness","volume":"35","author":"Freedman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.61.4.581","article-title":"Sex differences in peripheral vascular adrenergic receptors","volume":"61","author":"Freedman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2009.048819","article-title":"Sex differences in vasoconstrictor reserve during 70 deg head-up tilt","volume":"95","author":"Jarvis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1998.tb04468.x","article-title":"The effects of gender on adrenergic receptor responsiveness","volume":"38","author":"Luzier","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6015","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030780","article-title":"Water-induced thermogenesis","volume":"88","author":"Boschmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000150859.47929.8e","article-title":"Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals: Part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research","volume":"45","author":"Pickering","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.6.01","article-title":"Thermoregulation and stress hormone recovery after exercise dehydration: comparison of rehydration methods","volume":"48","author":"McDermott","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2004.00272.x","article-title":"The effect of carbon dioxide, respiratory rate and tidal volume on human heart rate variability","volume":"48","author":"Poyhonen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta. Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/23\/2\/308","article-title":"A study on the optimum order of autoregressive models for heart rate variability","volume":"23","author":"Boardman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.59.2.178","article-title":"Power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variabilities as a marker of sympatho-vagal interaction in man and conscious dog","volume":"59","author":"Pagani","year":"1986","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043","article-title":"Task force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use","volume":"93","author":"Camm","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.071886","article-title":"Chronotropic and pressor effects of water ingestion at rest and in response to incremental dynamic exercise","volume":"98","author":"Mendonca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.12.028","article-title":"The molecular and cellular identity of peripheral osmoreceptors","volume":"69","author":"Lechner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R40","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00544.2010","article-title":"The osmopressor response to water drinking","volume":"300","author":"May","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/5.9.616","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in a nonacademic setting. Effects of age and sex","volume":"5","author":"Khoury","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(88)90262-1","article-title":"The epidemiology of resting heart rate in a national sample of men and women: associations with hypertension, coronary heart disease, blood pressure, and other cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"116","author":"Gillum","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. Heart. J."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.34.4.931","article-title":"Gender differences in Ca2+ entry mechanisms of vasoconstriction in Wistar\u2013Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"34","author":"Crews","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00849-4","article-title":"Gender differences in sensitivity to adrenergic agonists of forearm resistance vasculature","volume":"36","author":"Kneale","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04462.x","article-title":"Comparison of non-invasive methods for the assessment of haemodynamic drug effects in healthy male and female volunteers: sex differences in cardiovascular responsiveness","volume":"39","author":"Wolzt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(72)90183-5","article-title":"Sex as a factor influencing the responsiveness of arterioles to catecholamines","volume":"20","author":"Altura","year":"1972","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.50.6.805","article-title":"Increased vascular catecholamine sensitivity and alpha-adrenergic receptor affinity in female and estrogen-treated male rats","volume":"50","author":"Colucci","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.5.1607","article-title":"Sex differences in control of cutaneous blood flow","volume":"82","author":"Cooke","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.03.008","article-title":"Sex differences in thermal pain sensitivity and sympathetic reactivity for two strains of rat","volume":"9","author":"Vierck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-011-0142-6","article-title":"Water ingestion reduces skin blood flow through sympathetic vasoconstriction","volume":"22","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Auton. Res."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.77.2.606","article-title":"Gender-related differences in the baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate in normotensive humans","volume":"77","author":"Abdel-Rahman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh143","article-title":"Gender differences in baroreflex response and heart rate variability in anaesthetized humans","volume":"92","author":"Tanaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00378-1","article-title":"Gender-related differences in the central arterial pressure waveform","volume":"30","author":"Hayward","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.176560","article-title":"Relationship between sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity and arterial stiffness in elderly men and women","volume":"59","author":"Okada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.8.862","article-title":"Influence of the menstrual cycle on sympathetic activity, baroreflex sensitivity, and vascular transduction in young women","volume":"101","author":"Minson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(01)00508-9","article-title":"Gender, sex hormones and autonomic nervous control of the cardiovascular system","volume":"53","author":"Dart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1159\/000158950","article-title":"Neurotransmission in human resistance arteries: contribution of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors but not P2-purinoceptors","volume":"29","author":"Stephens","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Res."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20050279","article-title":"Water drinking improves orthostatic tolerance in patients with posturally related syncope","volume":"110","author":"Claydon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond)."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01293.x","article-title":"The effect of a 473-ml (16-oz) water drink on vasovagal donor reaction rates in high-school students","volume":"47","author":"Newman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01025-2","article-title":"Water drinking as a treatment for orthostatic syndromes","volume":"112","author":"Shannon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.09.009","article-title":"Postprandial hypotension in older adults: can it be prevented by drinking water before the meal?","volume":"34","author":"Grobety","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-1983-3","article-title":"Continuous blood pressure measurement by using the pulse transit time: comparison to a cuff-based method","volume":"112","author":"Gesche","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1026045","article-title":"Comparison of circulatory responses to submaximal exercise in equally trained men and women","volume":"4","author":"Zwiren","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports. Med."},{"key":"2021111619171683500_B53","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ","volume":"854","author":"W.H.O.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tech. Rep. Ser."}],"container-title":["Bioscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1042\/BSR20150276\/807508\/bsr036e344.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1042\/BSR20150276\/807508\/bsr036e344.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T20:14:05Z","timestamp":1637093645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/portlandpress.com\/bioscirep\/article\/36\/3\/e00344\/91771\/Sexual-dimorphism-in-the-osmopressor-response"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bsr20150276","relation":{},"ISSN":["0144-8463","1573-4935"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0144-8463"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-4935"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"article-number":"e00344"}}