{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T12:00:17Z","timestamp":1773316817076,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Portland Press Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["portlandpress.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nuclear import is considered as one of the major limitations for non-viral gene delivery systems and the incorporation of nuclear localization signals (NLS) that mediate nuclear intake can be used as a strategy to enhance internalization of exogenous DNA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this work, human-derived endogenous NLS peptides based on insulin growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP), namely IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5, were tested for their ability to improve nuclear translocation of genetic material by non-viral vectors. Several strategies were tested to determine their effect on chitosan mediated transfection efficiency: co-administration with polyplexes, co-complexation at the time of polyplex formation, and covalent ligation to chitosan. Our results show that co-complexation and covalent ligation of the NLS peptide derived from IGFBP-3 to chitosan polyplexes yields a 2-fold increase in transfection efficiency, which was not observed for NLS peptide derived from IGFBP-5.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>These results indicate that the integration of IGFBP-NLS-3 peptides into polyplexes has potential as a strategy to enhance the efficiency of non-viral vectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20201026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T08:52:48Z","timestamp":1607676768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Human-derived NLS enhance the gene transfer efficiency of chitosan"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Diogo B.","family":"Bitoque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Algarve Chemistry Research Centre (CIQA), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana V.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel L.","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sofia M.","family":"Calado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago M.","family":"Fortunato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Sim\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Rosa da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algarve Chemistry Research Centre (CIQA), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5946-1918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos M\u00e1rtires da P\u00e1tria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111620354600300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(02)00507-0","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells, MG63 and HEK293 transfection using chitosan-DNA nanoparticles","volume":"24","author":"Corsi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2021111620354600300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.98152","article-title":"Viral and nonviral delivery systems for gene delivery","volume":"1","author":"Nayerossadat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. 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