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Different reactions may be coupled to charge-translocation and, in the majority of cases, these reactions are catalyzed by modular enzymes that always include a transmembrane subunit. The modular arrangement of these enzymes allows for different catalytic and charge-translocating modules to be combined. Thus, a transmembrane charge-translocating module can be associated with different catalytic subunits to form an energy-transducing complex. Likewise, the same catalytic subunit may be combined with a different membrane charge-translocating module. In this work, we analyze the modular arrangement of energy-transducing membrane complexes and discuss their different combinations, focusing on the charge-translocating module.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1042\/bst20210462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T21:17:02Z","timestamp":1638479822000},"page":"2669-2685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Modularity of membrane-bound charge-translocating protein complexes"],"prefix":"10.1042","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Filipa","family":"Calisto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica - Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2033-4553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica - Ant\u00f3nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"288","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121717025444300_BST-2021-0462CC1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.200900131","article-title":"How did LUCA make a living? 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