{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T14:02:42Z","timestamp":1782828162833,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Recent evidence has suggested that amplitude modulated tones might have some advantages over broadband noise.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fifty-six subjects listened to S-Tones at a carrier frequency matched at the tinnitus pitch (amplitude modulation rate of 40 Hz) and to broadband noise. Subjects rated their tinnitus loudness before, during, and after a 120-s duration masker.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The results suggested that S-Tones were generally more effective at reducing tinnitus loudness than noise. In about one third (21\/56) of the subjects, there was no significant effect from any masker. In other subjects, 54.3% (19\/35) showed a greater reduction for the S-Tones, 20% (7\/35) showed a greater reduction with the noise, and 25.7% (9\/35) showed similar performance between the 2 stimuli. The S-Tones showed a statistically significant benefit (\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt; .01) versus noise at reducing the patient's tinnitus perception. Using low-level stimuli that were rated much softer than the subjects' baseline tinnitus, the S-Tones reduced the tinnitus loudness by 1.9 times the amount that noise did (about 28% on average, whereas the noise reduced the tinnitus by about 15%).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>S-Tones at the tinnitus pitch-match frequency are more likely to be effective than broadband noise at reducing tinnitus loudness.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_aja-14-0009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T13:30:57Z","timestamp":1405431057000},"page":"303-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Amplitude Modulated S-Tones Can Be Superior to Noise for Tinnitus Reduction"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Tyler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Stocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo Speech-Language and Hearing Clinic, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Secor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo Speech-Language and Hearing Clinic, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"William H.","family":"Slattery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"House Clinic, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03005369909090101"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(88)90050-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Tinnitus management","author":"Bentler R. A.","year":"1987","journal-title":"ASHA"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31827e609e"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","first-page":"368","volume-title":"Scott-Brown's otolaryngology","author":"Coles R. R. A.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12127"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_1","first-page":"176","volume-title":"Tinnitus treatment: Clinical protocols","author":"Folmer R. L.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_1","volume-title":"Tinnitus\u2014Living with the ringing in your ears","author":"Hallam R. S.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_1","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Tinnitus treatment: Clinical protocols","author":"Hallam R. S.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480701730760"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_1","first-page":"96","volume-title":"Tinnitus masking therapyTinnitus","author":"Hazell J. W. P.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_1","volume-title":"The psychological management of chronic tinnitus: A cognitive-behavioral approach","author":"Henry J. L.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","volume-title":"Tinnitus: A self-management guide for the ringing in your ears","author":"Henry J. L.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_1","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Mechanisms of tinnitus","author":"Jastreboff P. J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Tinnitus the method of Pawel J. Jastreboff","author":"Jastreboff P. J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Current therapy in otolaryngology\u2013head & neck surgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03005369309077884"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199012000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.87.5.2237"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Tinnitus person-centered therapy","author":"Mohr A.-M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tinnitus treatment: Clinical protocols"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1059-0889(2009\/07-0042)"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-012-0331-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_1","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Tinnitus treatment: Clinical protocols","author":"Searchfield G.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14992021003777267"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Cognitive Behavior Therapy and tinnitus","author":"Sweetow R. W.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tinnitus handbook"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Tinnitus treatment: Clinical protocols","author":"Tyler R. S.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/b-002-59218"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_1","volume-title":"The consumer handbook on tinnitus","author":"Tyler R. S.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_1","first-page":"3201","volume-title":"Otolaryngology\u2014Head and neck surgery","author":"Tyler R. S.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_1","first-page":"116","volume-title":"Tinnitus treatment: Clinical protocols","author":"Tyler R. S.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)66048-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_1","first-page":"313","volume-title":"Handbook of tinnitus","author":"Vernon J.","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Audiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/2014_AJA-14-0009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]],"date-time":"2021-04-18T21:07:20Z","timestamp":1618780040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/2014_AJA-14-0009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/2014_AJA-14-0009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2014_aja-14-0009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1059-0889","1558-9137"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1059-0889","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9137","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}}}