{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:00:53Z","timestamp":1790222453559,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Speech Lang Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To examine the later development of language and literacy of children who had delayed language at age 2 but were in the normal range at age 4.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Longitudinal data were analyzed from 3,598 pairs of twins participating in the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). Six hundred thirty-three twins (8.8%) were delayed at age 2 based on parent-reported expressive vocabulary, and of these, 373 (59.0%) were classified as recovered based on 4-year measures. Each recovered 4-year-old was matched on vocabulary, gender, and zygosity to another 4-year-old without a history of early delay.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although the recovered group was below the mean for the total TEDS sample on measures of language at ages 7 and 12, there were no significant differences between the recovered and matched groups. Within the recovered group, it was not possible to predict outcome at better than a chance level.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Children who appear to have recovered by age 4 from early delay are at modest risk for continuing difficulties, but this appears to be no higher than the risk for other 4-year-olds with equivalent scores, reflecting the continuing variability in longitudinal outcome after age 4. All children in the low normal range at age 4 merit continuing monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_ajslp-13-0116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]],"date-time":"2014-03-17T16:31:19Z","timestamp":1395073879000},"page":"437-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Illusory Recovery: Are Recovered Children With Early Language Delay at Continuing Elevated Risk?"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Philip S.","family":"Dale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico, Albuquerque"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"McMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna E.","family":"Hayiou-Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of York, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Plomin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"96","volume-title":"The handbook of child language","author":"Bates E.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00844.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5202.156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01281.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2003\/045)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.6.858"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2005\/096)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Outcomes for late talkers: A twin study","author":"Dale P. 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