{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T18:07:20Z","timestamp":1778350040560,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Speech Lang Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The dual diathesis stressor model indicates that a mismatch between a child's endogenous linguistic abilities and exogenous linguistic contexts is one factor that contributes to stuttering behavior. In the present study, we used a developmental framework to investigate if reducing the gap between endogenous and exogenous linguistics factors would result in less disfluency for typical children, children who recover from stuttering (CWS-R), and children who persist.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Children between 28 and 43 months of age participated in this study: 8 typical children, 5 CWS-R, and 8 children who persist. The children were followed for 18 months with language samples collected every 6 months. The Index of Productive Syntax (Scarborough, 1990) served as a measure of endogenous grammatical ability. Length and complexity of active declarative sentences served as a measure of exogenous linguistic demand. A hierarchical linear model analysis was conducted using a mixed-model approach.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The results partially corroborate the dual diathesis stressor model. Disfluencies significantly decreased in CWS-R as grammatical abilities (not age) increased. Language development may serve as a protective factor or catalyst for recovery for CWS-R. As grammatical ability grew and the gap between linguistic ability and demand decreased; however, none of the three groups was more likely to produce disfluencies in longer and more complex utterances.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_ajslp-15-0022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T21:06:08Z","timestamp":1481317568000},"page":"44-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The Relationship Between Grammatical Development and Disfluencies in Preschool Children Who Stutter and Those Who Recover"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Hollister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Loma Linda University, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda Owen","family":"Van Horne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Zebrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2007\/018)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2005.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4803.226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4105.1019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5203.278"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","first-page":"945","volume-title":"Handbook of psycholinguistics","author":"Bock K.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2009.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2015_AJSLP-14-0198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3405.1041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","first-page":"94","volume-title":"Theoretical issues of fluency disorders","author":"Conture E. 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