{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T09:30:18Z","timestamp":1771925418315,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Speech Lang Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study explored changes in accuracy of American English rhotics as a result of an intensive 1-week therapy program for adolescents and young adults with residual speech sound errors that had not resolved with previous therapy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Four case reports are presented of individuals aged 13, 17, 21, and 22 years with residual \/\u0279\/ distortions. Each participant attended a 1-week intensive program consisting of pretreatment assessments, 14 hr of therapy, and posttreatment assessment. Treatment sessions included structured motor-based practice, ultrasound visual feedback of the tongue, and auditory speech perception training. To assess generalization, untreated words and sentences with rhotics were recorded before and after therapy; these were rated by listeners who were blind to when the recordings were taken.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>All participants showed measurable and statistically significant improvement in speech sound accuracy. Averaged across the 4 participants, rhotic accuracy at the word level improved from 35% to 83%. At the sentence level, rhotic accuracy increased from 11% pretreatment to 66% posttreatment in 1 week.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The promise of an intensive treatment program that includes motor-based practice, biofeedback, and auditory perception training is illustrated by the case presentations in which substantial improvements in speech sound accuracy were observed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Supplemental Materials<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23641\/asha.5561254\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23641\/asha.5561254<\/jats:ext-link>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_ajslp-16-0232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]],"date-time":"2017-11-07T20:30:53Z","timestamp":1510086653000},"page":"1066-1079","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Intensive Treatment for Persisting Rhotic Distortions: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jonathan L.","family":"Preston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, NY"},{"name":"Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan C.","family":"Leece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2007\/017)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13682828409007182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/11-0076)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","volume-title":"Audacity (Version 2.0.3) [Computer program]","author":"Audacity Team","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"206","article-title":"Attaining the lingual components of \/r\/ with ultrasound for three adolescents with cochlear implants.","volume":"34","author":"Bacsfalvi P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699206.2011.618236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-006-9013-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699200701801225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13682829209012042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","author":"Boersma P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Praat: Doing phonetics by computer (version 5.3.82) [Computer software]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1562909"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2011\/10-0019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2016.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699206.2015.1016188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4105.1136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","volume-title":"Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test\u2013Fourth Edition","author":"Dunn L. M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15640\/ijlc.v3n1a3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1562905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1562910"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","volume-title":"Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation\u2013Second Edition","author":"Goldman R.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.36.2.212-224"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699206.2014.956232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1562911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-3-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17549507.2015.1126640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2013\/12-0137)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5101.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5304.392"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2008\/025)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00567"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2012\/11-0083)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-S-14-0034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17549500802676859"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2002\/023)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820701449943"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12154"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1990.10735527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699200802399947"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3104.556"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2007\/032)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2011\/11-0056)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1562906"},{"issue":"440","key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","first-page":"440","article-title":"Intensive treatment with ultrasound visual feedback for speech sound errors in childhood apraxia","volume":"10","author":"Preston J. L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","first-page":"80","volume-title":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders","author":"Preston J. L.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-S-14-0031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9924(95)00058-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4404.504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3702.347"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"Obtaining and interpreting maximum performance tasks from children: A tutorial","volume":"29","author":"Rvachew S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5402.193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2004\/026)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2003\/092)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360.0801.33"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14417040601123650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","volume-title":"Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis","author":"Schmidt R. A.","year":"2011","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","volume-title":"Speech sound disorders in children","author":"Shriberg L. D.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.1802.144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4104.941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360.0103.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.2002.219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_AJSLP-12-0169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026992099299211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699209608985178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","volume-title":"Speech correction: Principles and methods","author":"Van Riper C.","year":"1963","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","volume-title":"Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing\u2013Second Edition","author":"Wagner R. K.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence\u2013Second Edition","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","volume-title":"Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals\u2013Fifth Edition","author":"Wiig E.","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/2017_AJSLP-16-0232","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]],"date-time":"2021-04-18T23:53:43Z","timestamp":1618790023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/2017_AJSLP-16-0232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/2017_AJSLP-16-0232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2017_ajslp-16-0232","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-0360","1558-9110"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-0360","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9110","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]}}}