{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:10:11Z","timestamp":1790428211089,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["LSHSS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This clinical focus article provides readers with a description of the stimulus characteristics of 12 popular tests of speech sound production.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using significance testing and descriptive analyses, stimulus items were compared in terms of the number of opportunities for production of all consonant singletons, clusters, and rhotic and nonrhotic vowels of Standard American English; phonetic\/phonological and structural complexity; and the presence of bound morphemes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The tests varied widely in terms of the number of opportunities for production of consonant singletons, clusters, and rhotic and nonrhotic vowels. Most of the tests included only 1 opportunity, scored or unscored, to produce a majority of the consonant singletons in each word position. Only 3 of the tests included stimulus items with 3-element clusters. The majority contained limited opportunities to produce 3- or 4-syllable stimulus items. The tests provided sufficient opportunities for production of most vowels, although most did not score vowels. The tests differed significantly in the complexity of their stimulus items. Most, however, contained a negligible number of items that, with the addition of a bound morpheme, resulted in a word-final cluster.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most of the tests elicit an inadequate sample with which to conduct a comprehensive phonological analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_lshss-16-0050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]],"date-time":"2017-08-18T18:30:31Z","timestamp":1503081031000},"page":"219-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Stimulus Characteristics of Single-Word Tests of Children's Speech Sound Production"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Toby","family":"Macrae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume-title":"National Outcomes Measurement System: Pre-Kindergarten national data report 2011","author":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","unstructured":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2014). 2014 schools survey report: SLP caseload characteristics. Available from http:\/\/www.asha.org\/research\/memberdata\/schoolssurvey\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","volume-title":"Bankson-Bernthal Test of Phonology","author":"Bankson N.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"180","volume-title":"Articulation and phonological disorders: Speech sound disorders in children","author":"Bankson N. W.","year":"2013","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2001\/002)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2001\/003)"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Part 2","volume":"1","author":"Beverly B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","volume-title":"LinguiSystems Articulation Test","author":"Bowers L.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820310001625589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2013\/12-0029)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.7402002"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","first-page":"e18","article-title":"Persistent sound system disorder [Special issue]","volume":"14","author":"Curlee R. F.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Seminar in Speech and Language"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","volume-title":"Structured Photographic Articulation Test\u2013Second Edition featuring Dudsberry","author":"Dawson J. I.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","author":"Dodd B.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology\u2013American Edition"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2009\/08-0125)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical phonology","author":"Elbert M.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fey M. E.\n\n (Ed.). (1992). Clinical Forum: Phonological assessment and treatment [Clinical Forum]. Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools 23(3) 224\u2013282. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/0161-1461.2303.225","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.2303.225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","volume-title":"Fisher\u2013Logemann Test of Articulation Competence","author":"Fisher H. B.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2015_LSHSS-14-0055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","volume-title":"Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale\u2013Third Edition","author":"Fudala J. B.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","volume-title":"Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation\u2013Second Edition","author":"Goldman R.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","volume-title":"Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation\u2013Third Edition","author":"Goldman R.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","volume-title":"Phonological Assessment of Child Speech (PACS)","author":"Grunwell P.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","volume-title":"The Assessment of Phonological Processes\u2013Revised","author":"Hodson B. W.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","volume-title":"Hodson Assessment of Phonological Patterns\u2013Third Edition","author":"Hodson B. W.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2002\/027)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","volume-title":"Khan\u2013Lewis Phonological Analysis\u2013Second Edition","author":"Khan L. M. L.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","volume-title":"Khan\u2013Lewis Phonological Analysis\u2013Third Edition","author":"Khan L. M. L.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_LSHSS-13-0054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.1504.267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","volume-title":"Photo Articulation Test\u2013Third Edition","author":"Lippke B. A.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2002\/028)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","volume-title":"Assessment Link Between Phonology and Articulation","author":"Lowe R. J.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699206.2012.752867"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/persp1.SIG1.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699206.2015.1063085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2007\/002)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699206.2014.926994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000127835"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2002\/023)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Phonological disorders in children: Clinical decision making in assessment and intervention","author":"Miccio A. W.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3502.259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","volume-title":"Language disorders from infancy through adolescence: Assessment and intervention","author":"Paul R.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2003\/058)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","volume-title":"Clinical Assessment of Articulation and Phonology\u2013Second Edition","author":"Secord W.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3601.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4004.708"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4703.256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3705.1100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2005\/058)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4206.1461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2007\/029)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","volume-title":"Smit\u2013Hand Articulation and Phonology Evaluation","author":"Smit A. B.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5504.779"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_AJSLP-13-0148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2011\/10-0113)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.1804.323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699200903581059"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","volume-title":"The Templin\u2013Darley Tests of Articulation","author":"Templin M. C.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Phonological disorders in children: Clinical decision making in assessment and intervention","author":"Tyler A. A.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2003\/075)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2002\/020)"}],"container-title":["Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/2017_LSHSS-16-0050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T03:07:03Z","timestamp":1618801623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/2017_LSHSS-16-0050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/2017_LSHSS-16-0050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2017_lshss-16-0050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-1461","1558-9129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-1461","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9129","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]]}}}