{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:38:28Z","timestamp":1775713108428,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Speech Lang Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Loosely defined diagnostic criteria for acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) limit clinicians' ability to diagnose the disorder validly and reliably. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the development of more precise diagnostic guidelines by characterizing the frequency and quality of sound distortion errors in speakers with clinically diagnosed AOS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Audio-recorded motor speech evaluations from 24 speakers with AOS and aphasia were analyzed by trained listeners using a narrow phonetic transcription protocol that included 12 distortion categories. We calculated percentage of segments transcribed with phonemic error, distortion error, and a combination of phonemic and distortion error.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Distortion frequency varied substantially across participants, distributing on a continuum from 5% to 22% of segments. The frequency of phonemic errors was significantly greater than the frequency of distortion errors, which, in turn, was greater than the frequency of distorted substitution errors. The most common distortion qualities were voicing ambiguity and segment lengthening, but over 40% of distortion errors were distributed across an assortment of tongue modifications.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The results replicated observations from previous studies of speakers with quantitatively defined AOS in a new sample of participants with clinically diagnosed AOS. Similar distortion qualities were observed across studies, offering focus for diagnosticians and guidance for operationalizing future measures. The broad performance continua we observed help explain why binary classification of the presence\/absence of AOS can be challenging and indicate a need to develop quantitative norms.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_ajslp-17-0186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T23:06:38Z","timestamp":1547679998000},"page":"121-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Sound Distortion Errors in Aphasia With Apraxia of Speech"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Katarina L.","family":"Haley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie L.","family":"Wambaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Utah, Salt Lake City"},{"name":"VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960802299378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2015_AJSLP-14-0118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJSLP-16-0080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(80)90137-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","unstructured":"Boersma P. & \nWeenink D.\n (2011). \nPraat: Doing phonetics by computer (Version 5.2.45) [Computer program]\n. 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