{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T06:20:37Z","timestamp":1792822837225,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Speech Lang Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The purpose of this cross-sectional investigation was to expand the comparative database of pediatric tongue strength for children and adolescents with typical development, ages 3\u201317 years, and compare tongue strength among children with typical development, speech sound delay\/disorders (SD), and motor speech disorders (MSDs).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Tongue strength was measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument in a total of 286 children and adolescents, 228 with typical development, 16 with SD, and 42 with MSDs, including classic galactosemia, a known risk factor for MSD (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 33) and idiopathic MSD (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 9).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>For all groups, tongue strength increased rapidly from 3 to 6.5 years of age and then continued to increase with age at a slower rate until 17 years of age. Children with SD's tongue strength did not differ from their typically developing (TD) peers. Children and adolescents with MSDs had decreased tongue strength compared to children with typical development or SD. Tongue strength was not related to severity of speech sound disorders in SD or MSD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Weak tongue strength does not appear to contribute to speech errors in children with speech sound delays but does appear to be related to speech sound disorders that are neurologic in origin (developmental MSD).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_ajslp-18-0023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T23:45:31Z","timestamp":1551397531000},"page":"612-622","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Tongue Strength in Children With and Without Speech Sound Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Nancy L.","family":"Potter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Washington State University Spokane"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Nievergelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Eastern Washington University, Cheney"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"VanDam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Washington State University Spokane"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-013-9451-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"Childhood apraxia of speech [Technical report]","author":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/729254889"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Clinical management of sensorimotor speech disorders","author":"Ballard K. J.","year":"2009","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_AJSLP-15-0100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00517-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699209708985201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2003\/051)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-011-9328-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/51A.5.M247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2011\/10-0287)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699209808985211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","volume-title":"Motor speech disorders: Substrates, differential diagnosis, and management","author":"Duffy J. R.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.0901.08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4501.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5002.150"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.1504.348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-013-9469-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","unstructured":"Fere C.\n\n (1889). Note sur 1'exploration des mouvements de la langue. des S\u00e9ances et M\u00e9moires de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Biologie [Note on the exploration of the movements of language. Sessions and memoirs of the Society of Biology] Series IX Vol. 1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","volume-title":"Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation\u2013Second Edition (GFTA-2)","author":"Goldman R.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4301.239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2002\/005)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130301400604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.11.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","unstructured":"IOPI Medical. (2013). Iowa Oral Performance Instrument: User's manual. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.iopimedical.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2015_AJSLP-14-0179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5204.367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","volume-title":"Educating the student body: Taking physical activity and physical education to school","author":"Kohl H. W.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2008\/037)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-014-9577-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.5.667"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2009\/09-0006)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2008\/007)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13682829509031322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-S-12-0358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.11.M634"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.0502.133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.2009.10125919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/8904_2013_219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-009-9215-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53467.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/50A.5.M257"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Measurement of tongue strength and endurance in normal and articulation disordered participants","author":"Robin D. A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dysarthria and apraxia of speech: Perspectives on management"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111000815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699206.2010.503006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2010\/10-0068)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJSLP-16-0144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Tongue strength and endurance: Relation to the speaking ability of children and adolescents following traumatic brain injury","author":"Stierwalt J. A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Disorders of Motor Speech: Assessment, Treatment, and Clinical Characterization"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2007\/019)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/12-0094)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-014-9780-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-007-9142-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3075589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699200400024806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1103389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-008-9171-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/729254892"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/2018_AJSLP-18-0023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]],"date-time":"2021-04-18T23:42:07Z","timestamp":1618789327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/2018_AJSLP-18-0023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/2018_AJSLP-18-0023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2018_ajslp-18-0023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-0360","1558-9110"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-0360","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9110","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]]}}}