{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:46:11Z","timestamp":1767847571569,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) testing is often performed under general anesthesia for children unable to complete behavioral audiologic evaluation. Alternatively, acupuncture treatment may be considered appropriate for BAER. Reports of acupuncture treatment in pediatric patients are scarce but are needed to demonstrate effectiveness. This study had 2 main objectives: (a) to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of acupuncture to achieve sleep to perform diagnostic BAER testing in medically complex (Cohort I) and nonmedically complex (Cohort II) children and (b) to assess acceptability to parents and audiologists of acupuncture as an alternative to anesthesia for BAER testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective feasibility study at Seattle Children's Hospital Outpatient Audiology Clinic from August 2015 through December 2018 was performed. A total of 31 pediatric patients were included. The median age for Cohort I was 29 months (interquartile range: 19\u201337 months), and the median age for Cohort II was 25.5 months (interquartile range: 16\u201332 months). Variables included number of BAER thresholds obtained, sleep indicators, and acceptability. The cost of BAER with acupuncture and the cost of BAER under anesthesia were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acupuncture treatment effectively contributed to an adequate sleep state to obtain BAER results for most patients in both cohorts. Across cohorts, most patients (81%) fell asleep after acupuncture treatment. Complete test results were obtained in 48% of patients. Audiologists and parents reported high satisfaction rates with this procedure (87%). There were no adverse safety effects. Acupuncture treatment was less costly than anesthesia for BAER testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acupuncture to induce sleep for BAER testing is effective, safe, and cost-efficient in small samples of medically and nonmedically complex pediatric patients. This procedure allowed earlier detection of hearing status and avoided potential adverse effects of anesthesia. Audiologists and parents reported that acupuncture treatment was an acceptable alternative to anesthesia for the BAER procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_aja-19-0069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T22:12:54Z","timestamp":1574287974000},"page":"895-907","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Feasibility of Acupuncture to Induce Sleep for Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response Testing"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Holmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Audiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Artola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Christianson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Childhood Communication Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Lynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn B.","family":"Whitlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA"},{"name":"Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Audiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA"},{"name":"Childhood Communication Center, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA"},{"name":"Department of Speech &amp; Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2005.04332.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","unstructured":"American Society of Anesthesiologists. 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