{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:03:27Z","timestamp":1791511407609,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Speech Lang Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The primary aims of this study were to examine the speech-language correlates of decoding difficulties in children with histories of suspected childhood apraxia of speech (sCAS) and to identify predictors of low-proficiency reading levels.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Participants were school-age children and adolescents, 7\u201318 years of age, diagnosed with sCAS (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 40) or speech sound disorder but no sCAS (SSD-no sCAS;\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 119). The sCAS and SSD-no sCAS reading groups were compared on measures of performance IQ, oral language, phonological awareness, rapid automatic naming, diadochokinetic rates, single word articulation, and multisyllable and nonsense word repetition. Logistic regression analyses were employed to identify predictors of low-proficiency reading in the sCAS and SSD-no sCAS groups.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Sixty-five percent of the participants with sCAS compared to 24% of those with SSD-no sCAS were classified as low-proficiency readers based on nonsense and single word decoding. Analysis failed to reveal significant differences in reading, oral language, or phonological awareness between low-proficiency readers with sCAS and low-proficiency readers with SSD-no sCAS. Oral language and phonological awareness skills were the best predictors of reading level for all participants, followed by performance on multisyllabic word repetition and diadochokinetic rate.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The language and phonological awareness deficits of children with sCAS are related to their risks for reading failure. To a lesser degree, motor speech deficits and speech sound production also increase risks for reading difficulties. The findings justify early intervention for this subset of children.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_ajslp-18-0132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T19:23:29Z","timestamp":1565983409000},"page":"1432-1447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Reading Outcomes for Individuals With Histories of Suspected Childhood Apraxia of Speech"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Gabrielle J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Benchek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Freebairn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Tag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karlie","family":"Budge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha K.","family":"Iyengar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Voss-Hoynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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