{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:21:52Z","timestamp":1758979312398},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Speech Lang Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study examines differences in the communicative use of triadic eye gaze (TEG) during a communicative interaction in 2 neurodevelopmental disorders: Down syndrome (DS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and a 3rd group of varying disabilities associated with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). Also, the relationship between TEG use and language abilities was explored.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Participants were 45 children, 15 in each group. The frequency of TEG was coded during a scripted communication assessment when children were between 3 and 6 years of age (37\u201373 months). Receptive and expressive language was measured using raw scores from the Mullen Scales of Early Learning concurrently between 3 and 6 years and again 2 years later when children were between 5 and 8 years (59\u201392 months).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Descriptively, children with DS had a higher frequency of TEG than children with ASD and IDD, but significant differences were only observed between children with DS and ASD. More TEG at Time 1 in children with DS was associated with higher receptive language at Time 1 and higher expressive language at Time 2. For children with ASD, a trend for a positive association between TEG at Time 1 and language abilities at Time 2 was observed. No significant associations were observed for children with IDD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Children with DS used TEG significantly more than children with ASD in this sample. Identifying strengths and weaknesses in TEG use is important because providing caregiver training to facilitate TEG can result in increased opportunities to respond with language models and promote language development.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_ajslp-18-0155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T23:49:41Z","timestamp":1567727381000},"page":"1509-1522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Communicative Use of Triadic Eye Gaze in Children With Down Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Other Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Span Institute, The University of Kansas, Lawrence"},{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy C.","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Span Institute, The University of Kansas, Lawrence"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Versaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0309-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Gaze-shift patterns of young children with developmental disabilities who are at risk for being nonspeaking","volume":"40","author":"Arens K.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316654084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07434618.2013.848933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","volume-title":"The emergence of symbols: Cognition and communication in infancy","author":"Bates E.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"The acquisition of performatives prior to speech","volume":"21","author":"Bates E.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.10034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02262.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1624"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000910000140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-0713-2_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJSLP-17-0106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2011\/10-0099)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2004\/051)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2013\/12-0102)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4305.1061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1166214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/136820310000104830"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0748-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Down's syndrome and infant gaze: Gaze behavior of Down's syndrome and nondelayed infants in interactions with their mothers","volume":"55","author":"Crown C. L.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Paedopsychiatrica: International Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.40.2.271"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Joint attention: Its origins and role in development","author":"Desrochers S.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1166093"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_JSLHR-L-16-0189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2006\/039)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3104\/reprints.305"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20132"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"Use of pointing and other gestures by young children with Down syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Franco F.","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal on Mental Retardation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Treatment of language disorders in children","author":"Girolametto L.","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"Looking behavior of Down syndrome infants","volume":"87","author":"Gunn P.","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Mental Deficiency"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S030500090001206X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Transitions in prelinguistic communication: Preintentional to intentional and presymbolic to symbolic","author":"Iverson J. M.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445506289392"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01567.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Affect and attention in children with Down syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Kasari C.","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Journal on Mental Retardation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.76.1.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001163-200301000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","volume-title":"Nonverbal communication in human interaction","author":"Knapp M. L.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-118.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Routledge handbook of communication disorders","author":"Longard J.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.1109"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Onset of speech-like vocalizations in infants with Down syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Lynch M. P.","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal on Mental Retardation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000018069.69562.b8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-5834.00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Language competence across populations: Towards a definition of specific language impairment","author":"Mervis C. B.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","volume-title":"Mullen Scales of Early Learning","author":"Mullen E.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3801.157"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699200500211451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","volume-title":"Mental disorders and disabilities among low-income children","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-L-13-0058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2012\/12-0013)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-948230"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"A prospective study of the emergence of early behavioral signs of autism","volume":"49","author":"Ozonoff S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001163-200407000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/026151003321164609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","volume-title":"Assessing early communication behaviors in infants using the Communication Complexity Scale (CCS)","author":"Salley B.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2018.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Communicative, sensorimotor, and language skills of young children with Down syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Smith L.","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Mental Deficiency"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2007\/013)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1644-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1820-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","volume-title":"Constructing a language: A usage-based approach to child language acquisition","author":"Tomasello M.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316653230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Beyond nature-nurture: Essays in honor of Elizabeth Bates","author":"Volterra V.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","first-page":"365","volume-title":"Communication and language intervention series: Vol. 7. Transitions in prelinguistic communication","author":"Warren S. F.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2002\/094)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2004)109<285:EPOLIC>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/gest.11.2.04zam"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.04.004"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/2019_AJSLP-18-0155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]],"date-time":"2021-04-18T23:20:27Z","timestamp":1618788027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/2019_AJSLP-18-0155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/2019_AJSLP-18-0155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2019_ajslp-18-0155","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-0360","1558-9110"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-0360","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9110","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]}}}