{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:05:23Z","timestamp":1790204723078,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Difficulties in speech-in-noise understanding are often reported in individuals with tinnitus. Building on our previous findings that speech-in-noise performance is correlated with subjective loudness of tinnitus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of tinnitus pitch on consonant recognition in noise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pure-tone audiometry and the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test were conducted on 66 participants categorized into four groups by their hearing sensitivity and self-report of tinnitus. Consonant recognition scores at various frequency ranges were obtained at the 5 dB SNR condition of the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test. Participants with tinnitus also completed a tinnitus pitch-matching procedure. Correlation analyses were conducted between tinnitus pitch and the frequency of the worst consonant recognition, and the error rates based on word and sentence position were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regardless of hearing sensitivity, tinnitus pitch did not correlate with the frequency of the worst consonant recognition. Sentence-initial word recognition was affected by hearing loss, whereas sentence-final word recognition was not affected by hearing loss or tinnitus. In contrast to individuals with normal hearing, participants with hearing loss varied in full-sentence recognition, with those reporting tinnitus exhibiting significantly higher error rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings suggest that the effect of tinnitus on consonant recognition in noise may involve higher level functions more than perceptual characteristics of tinnitus. Furthermore, for individuals with speech-in-noise concerns, clinical evaluation should address both hearing sensitivity and the presence of tinnitus. Future speech-in-noise studies should incorporate cognitive tests and, possibly, brain imaging to parse out the contribution of cognitive factors, such as cognitive control, in speech-in-noise in tinnitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_aja-20-00050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T22:10:00Z","timestamp":1606342200000},"page":"916-929","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association Between Tinnitus Pitch and Consonant Recognition in Noise"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7239-1915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihsin","family":"Tai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech &amp; Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign"},{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5878-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima T.","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech &amp; Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign"},{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign"},{"name":"Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"American National Standards Institute. 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