{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:12:53Z","timestamp":1790892773123,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To better define the contributions of somatosensory and auditory feedback in vocal motor control, a laryngeal perturbation experiment was conducted with and without masking of auditory feedback.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Eighteen native speakers of English produced a sustained vowel while their larynx was physically and externally displaced on a subset of trials. For the condition with auditory masking, speech-shaped noise was played via earphones at 90 dB SPL. Responses to the laryngeal perturbation were compared to responses by the same participants to an auditory perturbation experiment that involved a 100-cent downward shift in fundamental frequency (\n              <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>\n              ). Responses were also examined in relation to a measure of auditory acuity.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Compensatory responses to the laryngeal perturbation were observed with and without auditory masking. The level of compensation was greatest in the laryngeal perturbation condition without auditory masking, followed by the condition with auditory masking; the level of compensation was smallest in the auditory perturbation experiment. No relationship was found between the degree of compensation to auditory versus laryngeal perturbations, and the variation in responses in both perturbation experiments was not related to auditory acuity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The findings indicate that somatosensory and auditory feedback control mechanisms work together to compensate for laryngeal perturbations, resulting in the greatest degree of compensation when both sources of feedback are available. In contrast, these two control mechanisms work in competition in response to auditory perturbations, resulting in an overall smaller degree of compensation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Supplemental Material<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23641\/asha.12559628\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23641\/asha.12559628<\/jats:ext-link>\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_jslhr-19-00296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T23:32:52Z","timestamp":1593559972000},"page":"2039-2053","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Contributions of Auditory and Somatosensory Feedback to Vocal Motor Control"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4144-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dante J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8045-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara","family":"Stepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, MA"},{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Science, Boston University, MA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank H.","family":"Guenther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, MA"},{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Science, Boston University, MA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4456-1291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Science, Boston University, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1984.51.4.705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191839"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1592161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","unstructured":"Boersma P. & \nWeenink D.\n (2018). 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