{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:51:10Z","timestamp":1777582270916,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Speech Language Hearing Association","issue":"6S","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Speech Lang Hear Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is often successful in alleviating motor symptoms of essential tremor (ET); however, DBS may also induce adverse speech effects. The caudal zona incerta (cZi) is a promising DBS target for tremor, but less is known about the consequences of cZi DBS for speech. This preliminary study examined how habitual cZi DBS and cZi stimulation at high amplitudes may affect speech function in persons with ET.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Fourteen participants with ET were evaluated: off stimulation, on habitual cZi DBS, and with unilateral cZi stimulation at increasing stimulation amplitudes. At each stimulation condition, the participants read three 16-word sentences. Two speech-language pathologists made audio-perceptual consensus ratings of overall speech function, articulation, and voice using a visual sort and rate method. Rated functions when off stimulation, on habitual cZi DBS, and at maximal-amplitude stimulation were compared using Friedman nonparametric tests. For participants with bilateral habitual DBS (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 5), the effects of bilateral and unilateral stimulation were described in qualitative terms.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Habitual cZi DBS had no significant group-level effect on any of the investigated speech parameters. Maximal-amplitude stimulation had a small but significant negative effect on articulation. Participants with reduced articulatory precision (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 9) had more medially placed electrodes than the nonaffected group (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 5). Bilateral and unilateral left stimulation had comparable effects on speech.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Findings from this preliminary study of cZi DBS indicate that speech is generally not affected by stimulation at habitual levels. High-amplitude cZi stimulation may, however, induce adverse effects, particularly on articulation. Instances of decreased articulatory function were associated with stimulation of more medial electrode contacts, which could suggest cerebello-rubrospinal involvement.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_jslhr-20-00256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T23:28:35Z","timestamp":1614641315000},"page":"2121-2133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Speech Function Following Deep Brain Stimulation of the Caudal Zona Incerta: Effects of Habitual and High-Amplitude Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1044","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7626-2889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Sandstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Clinical Science, Ume\u00e5 University, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5955-5452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellika","family":"Schalling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Medical Unit of Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3373-0934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredrik","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Clinical Science, Ume\u00e5 University, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9413-6950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patric","family":"Blomstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Science, Ume\u00e5 University Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3461-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Hartelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech and Language Pathology Unit, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1310","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26924"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000314357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005956"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12546"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2019.104724"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","unstructured":"Blomstedt P.\n (2018). Targeting the thalamic subthalamic area for tremor [Video file]\n. Retrieved from the Stereotactic Academy website www.stereotactic.org. http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=nZrPVD07BV0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000345643.69486.BC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.5.JNS16243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14015430310015255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0378-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.11.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-S-13-0155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.01.156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7605-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wnsx.2019.100024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_JSLHR-19-00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000489938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318236a809"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","volume-title":"Atlas for stereotaxy of the human brain","author":"Schaltenbrand G.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Schaltenbrand, G. , & Wahren, W. (1977). Atlas for stereotaxy of the human brain (2nd ed.). Thieme.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-191798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25816"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318203e7d0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1804-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.36.2.0184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2015.00098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-9158-1-20"}],"container-title":["Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-20-00256","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T14:03:16Z","timestamp":1624024996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/pubs.asha.org\/doi\/10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-20-00256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6S","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-20-00256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2020_jslhr-20-00256","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-4388","1558-9102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-4388","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]}}}